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ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS JANURAY 2011 VOL 2, NO 9 It was crusades, first and foremost, that decided the European attitude towards Islam for many centuries to come. The crusades were decisive because they fell in the period of Europe‟s childhood, a period when its peculiar cultural traits were asserting themselves for the first time and were still in process of molding… Crusades produced one of the deepest and most permanent impressions on Europe‟s mass psychology. .. Modern Europe was born out of the crusades. The spirit of the crusades --- in a much diluted form, to be sure--- still lingers over Europe, and the attitude of its civilization towards the Muslim world bears distinct traces of that die-hard ghost. Muzaffar,Iqbal, (2003), ―Challenges to Islam and Muslims: What is to be done‖, Islamic Studies 42,:595. Musa Khan Jalal Zai,( 1999), Taliban and the Great Game in Afghanistan, (Karachi:Vanguard Books Limited,),110-113. Quran:3:85, 9:29, As is know that concept of ‗Religion‘ in Islam differs from that of the West; and in Muslim tradition ‘Islam‘ is a creed, a world view and a complete code of life which precedes the society and the state. Quran 74:4, 26:214, 6:92 Quran .13:28, According to Qur‘an peaceful living depends upon ‗Remembrance of Allah‘ which leads to practicing Islamic injunctions as ordered in Allah‘s divine guidance. Quran 15:9 Allah guarantees that it would remain safe for ever. Rohan Gunaratna,( 2002) ,Inside Al Qaeda Global Network of Terror,(Karachi: Vanguard Books Ltd.,) Rohan Gunaratna,( 2002) p. 88 Al Qaeda believes that until US troops are ejected from Saudi Arabia, Muslim society will be „living a life of sin‟. As one fighter put it, „Until the US troops are removed from all lands of the Muslims; no Muslim is absolved from sin except the Mujahidin. To mobilize the Muslim masses, Osama is likely to make the same argument regarding US troops in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Samuel P. Huntington, (1993), ―The Clash of Civilization‖, Foreign Affairs 3: 39, The next world war, if there is one, will be a war between civilizations. Sohail Mahmood,( 1995) ,Islamic Fundamentalism in Pakistan, Egypt and Iran, (Karachi: Vanguard Books Ltd,), p.223 The JTWH was formed by Shukri Ahmad Mustafa in 1971. JTWH was one among many other similar underground circles that had been established by activists of the Muslim Brotherhood who had been incarcerated and tortured during Nasser‟s stifling of the movement in the late 1960s. Suha Taji Farouki, (2003),―Islamists and the threat of Jihad: Hizb Al- Tahrir and al- Muhajiroun on Israel and Jews‖, in Islam: Critical Concepts in Sociology, ed. Bryan S. Turner, Hizb al Tahrir was established in Jerusalem by Taqi al- Din Nabhani an Azhari Alim and Faqih from Ijzim in northern Palestine.(New York, Routledge,), 237 Tariq Majeed,( 2006), Masterminds of Air Massacres of August 17 in Pakistan, September 11 in America, (Lahore: Bait-ul-Hikmah,), 514-518. Air Commodore Tariq Majeed has quoted many examples from International magazines that Sep 11 attack was planned by American agencies and many independent studies in USA & Europe support this view point. COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 426
ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS JANURAY 2011 VOL 2, NO 9 Yogindar Sikand, (2002),The Origins and Development of the Tablighi Jama‟at (1920-2000), (Hyderabad: Orient Longman Private Limited,) Yogindar Sikand, (2002), The Origins and Development of the Tablighi Jama‟at (1920- 2000), (Hyderabad: Orient Longman Private Limited,) Writer in this book has mentioned the critiques of Brelwi, Ahl-e-Hadith and Jamat e Islami on Tableeghi Jamat in detail. COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 427
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