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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
purpose. It is an instrument for the spiritual development as well as the material
fulfillments of human beings (Govt. of Pakistan, 1998).
2.1 Organization
Organizations permeate all levels of our lives. We come into contact with many of them
daily. In fact most of us probably spend most of our lives in or affected by organizations.
We expend sizeable amounts of our time as members of work, social, civic, and church
organizations. Or we involved as employees, students, clients, patients, and citizens of
organization.
Organizations are essential to the way our society operates. In industry, education,
health care, and defense, organizations have created impressive gains for our standard of
living and our worldwide image. The size of the organizations with which you deal daily
should illustrate the tremendous political, economic and social powers they separately
possess.
Before exploring the successful organization and management, better to
conceptualize the key elements of existing study, i.e. organization, behaviour and
managers. Organization, a group of people working together to attained common goals
which may be called organizational goals. According to Jerald and Robert, 2000, highlighted
that organization is a structured social system consisting of groups and individuals
working together to meet some agreed on objectives. In other words, organizations
consist of structured social units, such as people or work groups that strike to attain a
common goal, such as to produce and sell a product at a profit.
An organization is a collection of people working together in a Division of labour
to achieve a common purpose. This definition fits a wide variety of fraternal groups,
clubs, voluntary organizations and religious bodies, as well as entities such as schools,
hospitals and government agencies. The insights and applications of organizational
behaviour apply to all of these groups. Here, we will be most interested in work
organizations- those organizations to which people belong as employees (Wood, et al
1998).
Organizational behaviour is a discipline that seeks to describe understand and
predict human behaviour in the environment of formal organization. A distinctive
contribution and characteristic of organizational behaviour as discipline is the explicit
recognition that (1) organizations create internal contextual setting or environments, that
have great influence on the behaviour of people in them and (2) to some extent the
internal environment of an organization is influenced by the large context in which the
organization itself exists (for example, the social, political, economic and technological
systems that support the organization). Moreover, the internal environment or context of
the organization (which is so influential in eliciting and shaping human behaviour) is not
merely physical and tangible but also includes the social and psychological
characteristics of the living human system (Owens, R.G. 1998).
Organization behaviour is the field that seeks knowledge about the behaviours in
organizational setting by systematically studying individual, group and organizational
processes. Thus knowledge is used both as an end in itself by scientists interested in basic
human behavior and by practitioners interested in enhancing organizational effectiveness
and individual well being (Jerald and Robert, 2000).
COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research
JANUARY 2011
VOL 2, NO 9
486