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240 Travaux préparatoires: United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized CrimeConvention as the basis for mutual law enforcement cooperation in respect of anyoffence covered by this Convention. Whenever appropriate, States Parties shall makefull use of agreements or arrangements, including international or regional organizations,to enhance the cooperation between their law enforcement agencies.“2. States Parties shall cooperate closely with one another, consistent with theirrespective domestic legal and administrative systems, to enhance the effectiveness oflaw enforcement action to combat the offences established in article(s) [...] of thisConvention [alternatively: the offences covered by this Convention]. Each State Partyshall, in particular, adopt effective measures:“(a) To enhance and, where necessary, to establish channels of communicationbetween their competent authorities, agencies and services, including the designation,where appropriate, of [a central authority or authorities], 16 to facilitate the secure andrapid exchange of information concerning all aspects of the offences established inthis Convention, including, if the States Parties concerned deem it appropriate, linkswith other criminal activities; 17“(b) To cooperate with other State Parties in conducting inquiries, with respectto offences established in this Convention, concerning:“(i) The identity, whereabouts and activities of persons suspected of involvementin the offences established in this Convention;“(ii) The movement of proceeds or property derived from the commission ofsuch offences;“(iii) The movement of instrumentalities 18 used or intended for use in the commissionof such offences; 19“(c) In appropriate cases and if not contrary to domestic law, to establish jointteams, taking into account the need to protect the security of persons and operations,in order to carry out the provisions of this paragraph. Officials of any State Partyparticipating in such teams shall act as authorized by the appropriate authorities ofthe Party in whose territory the operation is to take place; in all such cases, the StatesParties involved shall ensure that the sovereignty of the Party in whose territory theoperation is to take place is fully respected;“(d) To provide, when appropriate, necessary items or quantities of substancesfor analytical or investigative purposes;“(e) To facilitate effective coordination between their competent agencies andservices and to promote the exchange of personnel and other experts, including, subjectto bilateral arrangements or agreements between the States Parties concerned, theposting of liaison officers;16As indicated above, many delegations were of the view that the reference to central authorities should be deleted orplaced in square brackets, as the concept more properly belonged under mutual legal assistance (article 14). In this connection,it was noted that the provision of the 1988 Convention, on which article 19 was based, did not include a reference tocentral authorities. At the fifth session of the Ad Hoc Committee, the proposal to replace this phrase with “points of contactamong such authorities, agencies and services” received widespread support. Spain stated that the deletion of the referenceto central authorities and its replacement with a reference to the establishment of contact points needed further studyby the Ad Hoc Committee.17At the fifth session of the Ad Hoc Committee, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan suggested either deletingthe reference to “links with other criminal activities” or limiting the reference to “other organized criminal activities”.18At the fifth session of the Ad Hoc Committee, the Syrian Arab Republic questioned the use of the term “instrumentalities”in this connection.19At the fifth session of the Ad Hoc Committee, the Comoros, Mali and Senegal questioned the accuracy of the Frenchversion of this paragraph.