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616 Travaux préparatoires: United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime“(d) ‘Illicit manufacturing’: the manufacturing or assembly of firearms, [theirparts and components,] ammunition and other related materials:“(i)From components or parts illicitly trafficked;“(ii) Without a licence or authorization from a competent authority of the StateParty where the manufacture or assembly takes place; or“(iii) Without marking the firearms at the time of manufacturing;“(e)‘Illicit trafficking’:“(i) The import, export, acquisition, sale, delivery, movement or transfer offirearms, [parts and components,] ammunition and [other related materials] from oracross the territory of one State Party to that of another State Party“Option 1“if the firearms are not marked in accordance with article 9 of this Protocol orif the transaction is not licensed or authorized in accordance with article 11 of thisProtocol“Option 2“[if any one of the States Parties concerned has not legally authorized it]“Option 3“[if any one of the States Parties concerned does not authorize it in accordancewith the terms of this Protocol]“Option 4“[without the authorization of or in violation of the legislation or regulations ofeither of the States Parties concerned;]“[, or the brokering of such activities;]“[(ii) The import of firearms without marking at the time of importation;]“[(iii) The obliteration, removal or alteration of the serial number on a firearm].“Option 1“(f) ‘Other related materials’: any components, parts or replacement parts of afirearm [that are essential to its operation] [or accessories] [that can be attached to afirearm] [and that enhance its lethality].“Option 2“(f) ‘Parts and components’: any elements of a firearm [that are essential to itsoperation,] [such as] [including] a barrel, frame, cylinder or slide.“[(f) bis ‘Tracing’: the systematic tracking of firearms from manufacturer topurchaser (and/or possessor) for the purpose of aiding law enforcement officials in