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48 Travaux préparatoires: United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime“2. For the purposes of implementing or applying paragraph 1 of this article:“(a) It shall not matter whether the predicate offence was subject to the criminaljurisdiction of the State Party;“(b) It may be provided that the offences set forth in that paragraph do notapply to the persons who committed the predicate offence;“(c) Knowledge, intent or purpose required as an element of an offence set forthin that paragraph may be inferred from objective, factual circumstances.“3. Each State Party may adopt such measures as it considers necessary to establishalso as offences under its domestic law all or some of the acts referred to in paragraph1 of this article, in any or all of the following cases where the offender:“(a)“(b)“(c)activity.Ought to have assumed that the property was the proceeds of crime;Acted for the purpose of making a profit;Acted for the purpose of promoting the perpetration of further criminal“[4. States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure that assets generatedby illegal activity or its proceeds are not made legal and shall take legal measuresto ensure that:“(a) A person convicted as a member of organized crime shall prove the legalityof the purchase of goods that belong to him [or her] or in respect of which he[or she] acts as owner, otherwise they shall be confiscated; 2“(b) Goods that are the proceeds of the illegal activities of organized crime cannotbe transferred as an inheritance, bequest or gift or in any other way;“(c) Goods that are the proceeds of illegal activities will be deemed illegal, andlegal principles shall not apply to them;“(d) States shall establish fines as penalties in proportion to the sums obtainedby the activities of organized crime.]“[5. States Parties shall adopt appropriate measures to apply instruments thatrelate to money-laundering to banking or financial markets, including stock exchanges,bureaux de change, etc.]“6. Nothing contained in this article shall affect the principle that the descriptionof the offences to which it refers and of legal defences thereto is reserved to thedomestic law of a State Party and that such offences shall be prosecuted and punishedin conformity with that law.”2Some delegations expressed reservations stemming from difficulties of a constitutional nature regarding reversal ofthe burden of proof.