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Part Two. Article 9 395Organization for Migration proposed that reference could usefully be made to steps thatcould be taken by States parties to address the root causes of trafficking, includingeconomic factors, social and cultural factors, political and legal factors and internationalfactors (see A/AC.254/27 and Corr.1, para. 12).5. At its eleventh session, the Ad Hoc Committee considered, finalized and approvedarticle 10, as amended with the inclusion of two additional paragraphs based on a proposalsubmitted by the United States of America (see A/AC.254/5/Add.33) and on a similar proposalsubmitted by China (see A/AC.254/5/Add.28). In addition, the article was relocatedat the beginning of chapter III (Prevention, cooperation and other measures). The last amendmentsare reflected in the final text of the protocol, as included in the report of the Ad HocCommittee (A/55/383, sect. IV, draft resolution, annex II), that was submitted to the GeneralAssembly for adoption pursuant to resolution 54/126 of 17 December 1999.B. Approved text adopted by the General Assembly(see resolution 55/25, annex II)III. Prevention, cooperation and other measuresArticle 9Prevention of trafficking in persons1. States Parties shall establish comprehensive policies, programmes andother measures:(a) To prevent and combat trafficking in persons; and(b) To protect victims of trafficking in persons, especially women andchildren, from revictimization.2. States Parties shall endeavour to undertake measures such as research,information and mass media campaigns and social and economic initiatives to preventand combat trafficking in persons.3. Policies, programmes and other measures established in accordancewith this article shall, as appropriate, include cooperation with non-governmentalorganizations, other relevant organizations and other elements of civil society.4. States Parties shall take or strengthen measures, including throughbilateral or multilateral cooperation, to alleviate the factors that make persons,especially women and children, vulnerable to trafficking, such as poverty, underdevelopmentand lack of equal opportunity.5. States Parties shall adopt or strengthen legislative or other measures,such as educational, social or cultural measures, including through bilateral andmultilateral cooperation, to discourage the demand that fosters all forms ofexploitation of persons, especially women and children, that leads to trafficking.