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242 Travaux préparatoires: United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crimearrangements already exist, amending them. In the absence of such agreements orarrangements between the States Parties concerned, the Parties may consider thisConvention as the basis for mutual law enforcement cooperation in respect of theoffences covered by this Convention. Whenever appropriate, States Parties shall makefull use of agreements or arrangements, including international or regional organizations,to enhance the cooperation between their law enforcement agencies.“2. States Parties shall cooperate closely with one another, consistent with theirrespective domestic legal and administrative systems, to enhance the effectiveness oflaw enforcement action to combat the offences covered by this Convention. EachState Party shall, in particular, adopt effective measures:“(a) To enhance and, where necessary, to establish channels of communicationbetween their competent authorities, agencies and services, including the designation,where appropriate, of [a central authority or authorities], 25 to facilitate the secure andrapid exchange of information concerning all aspects of the offences covered by thisConvention, including, if the States Parties concerned deem it appropriate, links withother criminal activities;“(b) To cooperate with other States Parties in conducting inquiries, with respectto offences covered by this Convention, concerning:“(i) The identity, whereabouts and activities of persons suspected of involvementin the offences covered by this Convention;“(ii) The movement of proceeds or property derived from the commission ofsuch offences;“(iii) The movement of property, equipment or other instrumentalities used orintended for use in the commission of such offences;“(c) In appropriate cases and if not contrary to domestic law, to establish jointteams, taking into account the need to protect the security of persons and operations,in order to carry out the provisions of this paragraph. Officials of any State Partyparticipating in such teams shall act as authorized by the appropriate authorities ofthe Party in whose territory the operation is to take place; in all such cases, the StatesParties involved shall ensure that the sovereignty of the Party in whose territory theoperation is to take place is fully respected; 26“(d) To provide, when appropriate, necessary items or quantities of substancesfor analytical or investigative purposes;“(e) To facilitate effective coordination between their competent agencies andservices and to promote the exchange of personnel and other experts, including, subjectto bilateral arrangements or agreements between the States Parties concerned, theposting of liaison officers;“(f) To exchange information with other States Parties on specific means andmethods used by organized criminal groups, including, where applicable, routes andconveyances and the use of false identities, altered or false documents or other meansof concealing their activities;25As indicated above, many delegations were of the view that the reference to central authorities should be deleted orplaced in brackets, as the concept more properly belonged under mutual legal assistance (article 14). In this connection, itwas noted that the provision of the 1988 Convention on which article 19 was based did not include a reference to centralauthorities. At the informal consultations held during the ninth session of the Ad Hoc Committee, the proposal to replacethe words in square brackets with the words “points of contact among such authorities, agencies and services” receivedwidespread support. Spain insisted on keeping the text in its current form until a final decision could be reached by the AdHoc Committee.26The Ad Hoc Committee might wish to continue the discussion of this subparagraph in the light of the final formulationof article 14 bis.