arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti Arnold ...

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98 g. g o g o l a S v i l i. qarTuli zmna formaTa arsebobis safuZvelze Kalibdeba. aGniSnaven, rom `gramatikul kategorias gramatikuli formisa da gramatikuli mniSvnelobis erToba qmnis~ (v. gaki, 1986, gv. 32) da rom gramatikuli (morfologiuri) kategoriisaTvis gramatikuli (morfologiuri) niSnis mqonebloba miiCneva arsebiTad. arn. Ciqobavas sitKvebiT rom vTqvaT, `morfologiuri kategoria saTanado afiqsebiT unda iqnes warmodgenili da ara fuZis mniSvnelobiT~. ama Tu im faqtis morfologiur kategoriad miCnevas `morfologiuri niSnis qona-uqonloba wKvets~. sxvagvarad: `morfologiur kategorias qmnis afiqsiT gadmocemuli mniSvneloba~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1952, gv. 267). `gramatikuli kategoriis gamoxatulebis plani sistemurad organizebuli gramatikuli saSualebebia~ (a. bondarko, 1976, gv. 30). saenaTmecniero literaturaSi es saKovelTaod gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisia. ufro konkretulad: èrTi da imave morfologiuri diferencialuri niSnebis gaerTianebis Sedegad miGebuli gramemebis iseT erTobliobas, romelSic Koveli diferencialuri niSani warmodgenilia Tavisi erT-erTi SesaZlebeli (dadebiTi an uarKofiTi) mniSvnelobiT, gramatikuli kategoria ewodeba. magaliTad, mxolobiTi ricxvis gramema da mravlobiTi ricxvis gramema, e. i. niSnis èrTi ~ mravali~ dadebiTi da uarKofiTi mniSvnelobebiT Sedgenili ori gramema erTiandeba ri ricxvis ri cxvis gra grama gra grama mati tikul ti kul kategoriaSi; I, II, III piris gramemebi qmnian piris gramatikul kategorias~ (T. gamKreliZe, 2003, gv. 223). CvenTvis es Tvalsazrisebi aris saKrdeni. 4444....3333. . . . dro, dro dro dro, , , ro rogorc ro rogorc gorc gorc zmnis zmni zmni zmnis s s kate ka ka kate tego tego goria goria ria ria a r i s T u a r a d r o m o r f o l o g i u r i k a t e - g o r i a? mwkrivis formaTa funqciebze msJelobisas droisa da kilos kategoriebs gansakuTrebuli KuradGeba eTmoba. mwkrivTa saxeldebac ZiriTadad am ori maxasiaTeblis mixedviT xdeba. arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom praqtikuli gramatikebidan moKolebuli sauGlebel erTeuls asec saxeldebdnen _ `dro~, `dro-kilo~; uGvlilebis sistemas _ `dro-kiloTa sistemis~ saxeliT movixse-
Tavi II. dro-kiloTa sistema. uGlebis tipebi niebT dGesac. Cveulebriv drosa da kilos morfologiur kategoriebad miiCneven piris, ricxvis... kategoriaTa gverdiT: `morfologiuri kategoriebia: ...piri, ricxvi, dro, kilo, gvari... _ zmnisaTvis~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1952, gv. 267). `zmna aris moqmedebis aGmniSvneli formacvalebadi sitKva, romelsac erTdroulad ramdenime morfologiuri kategoria moepoveba: pirvel Kovlisa piri, ricxvi, dro da kilo~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 173). zmnis morfologiuri kategoriebia `piri, ricxvi, kilo, qceva, gvari, dro da sxva~ (g. mayavariani, g. nebieriZe, 1972, gv. 102). es saKovelTaod gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisia. ramdenadac dro da kilo morfologiur kategoriebad gaiazreba, aris cda am kategoriaTa morfologiuri niSnis Ziebisa. drois mixedviT zmnuri formis kvalifikaciasa da daxasia- Tebas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. drois kategoria erT-erTi rTuli da sadavo kategoriaa ara marto Cvens sinamdvileSi, aramed saerTod. araa SemTxveviTi, rom praqtikul gramatikebSi, da zogJer samecnieroSic, sauGlebeli erTeuli da dro gaigivebulia; imden droze saubroben, ramdeni sauGlebeli erTeulicaa: magaliTisaTvis: n. maris azriT, ZiriTadi dro rva aris: awmKo, namKo usruli, natvriTi, aoristi, kavSirebiTi (igive momavali), namKo sruli, winare warsuli, namKo kavSirebiTi (n. mari, 1925, gv. 142). arn. Ciqobava: àxal qarTulSi gvaqvs erTi awmKo, erTi mKofadi da oTxi namKo: namKo usruli anu uwKveti: akeTebda, aSenebda, Sromobda...; namKo ZiriTadi anu namKo wKvetili (aoristi): akeTa, aSena, iSroma...; TurmeobiTi pirveli: ukeTebia, uSenebia, uSromia..., TurmeobiTi meore: ekeTebina, eSenebina, eSroma...~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1952, gv. 274). a. SaniZe xazgasmiT aGniSnavs, rom àrev-dareva sufevs drois gagebaSi... aseTi mcdari Sexeduleba `drois~ Sesaxeb iqedan momdinareobs, rom specialur literaturaSi gramatikuli drois problema sworad ar aris dasmuli da gadawKvetili. sazogadod drois kategorias reven mwkrivis erT-erT kategoriasTan (kilosTan an Tanamimdevrobas- Tan) an TviT mwkrivTan da es aGreva, romelic yrelad asaxavs zogadi saenaTmecniero sakiTxis Seswavlis umweo mdgomareobas enis struqturul nawilSi, qarTul niadagzec ukritikod aris gadmotanili. sayiroa da aucilebeli, rom drois kategoria ga- 99
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arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnie
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g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i q
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qarTuli zmnis sarkvevi profesorma g
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Sesavali * * * cnobili yeSmaritebaa
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Sesavali Semd.). CvenTvis faseulia
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Sesavali aT ri rigad ri gad gad~...
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Sesavali da sworad Sefasebis saqmeS
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Sesavali ara aqvs, igi cnebis gadmo
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Sesavali 4. II kavSirebiTi 5. Sereu
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Sesavali vaKenebT XII-XVII saukuneT
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Sesavali xis koines, idioleqts. aq
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Sesavali Kvela im parametris mixedv
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Sesavali 2) Tu vsaubrobT qar ar arT
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Sesavali SromebSi zog SemTxvevaSi Z
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Sesavali zmnisa, romelic saerToa er
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Sesavali enobri enob enob enobri ri
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Sesavali ufro sainteresod gveCveneb
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Sesavali 1. rogorc viciT, e xmovani
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Sesavali Zveli qarTuli enis werilob
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nawili nawili nawili pirveli pirvel
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42 g. g o g o l a S v i l i. qarTul
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148 g. g o g o l a S v i l i. qarTu
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224 boboqr-ob-d-i-T boboqr-ob-d-nen
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226 _ _ _ g. g o g o l a S v i l i.
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234 awmKo awmKo-mKofadi awmKo mKofa
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238 ƒam ƒam rwam rwam dga dga g.
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nawili nawili nawili meore meore me
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338 III. v-i-c-i i-c-i i-c-i-s v-i-
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340 zi-xar zi-s g. g o g o l a S v
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Tavi Tavi VV. V . II seriis formaTa
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360 bic: g. g o g o l a S v i l i.
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432 sxva magaliTi: g. g o g o l a S
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436 da-m-e-wer-i-s da-g-e-wer-i-s d
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Ta Tavi Ta vi vi VVI. V . III serii
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458 II II Tur Turme Tur Turme meobi
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460 uwKveteli: I kavSirebiTi: wKvet
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476 damalul ars damalul varT damalu
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Semoklebani i. . abaS abaS. abaS _
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GIORGI GOGOLASHVILI GEORGIAN VERB (
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Summary Subjunctive II _ (da)weros
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Sinaarsi qarTuli qarTuli zmnis zmni
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Sinaarsi 6.3. uGlebis nimuSebi Zvel
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Sinaarsi 14.4. savrcobTa gamoKeneba
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Sinaarsi Tavi VI. III seriis seriis
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