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510 G. Gogolashvili, Georgian Verb va-keT keT keT-o. keT va-keT keT keT-e. keT Likewise some mtskrivis may have different base forming stems and identical mtskrivi markers though with different functions: av-tirdeb-i, av-tird-i Thus the mtskrivi form is conditioned by the mtskrivi structure. 3. Tense, mood, frequentative, act ( expression of factual or unwitnessed action), sequence are not morphological categories as they are not expressed morphologically. Tense, mood etc. meanings are explicated in a context.. Hence one and the same form may reveal a different tense (mood etc.) meaning in different contexts. Tense, mood, frequentative, act, sequence are semantic categories. A mtskrivi is polyfunctional. The content of the mtskrivi form is determined by the unity of the above-enumerated semantic categories. Functions of a particular form may vary from context to context e.g.:in the declarative context the form. gaakeTe gaakeTe gaakeTe is in the Indicative mood, Past tense , whereas in the imperative context it conveys the Future meaning and is in the Imperative mood. 4. Considering formal and functional peculiarities of the verb, 8 mtskrivis can be singled out in Modern Georgian: Series I The Present Tense (The Future) _ (da)wers Continuous (The Permansive) _ (da)werda Subjunctive I _ (da)werdes Series II The Aorist _ (da)wera Subjunctive II _ (da)weros Series III Resultative I _ (da)uweria Resultative II _ (da)ewera Subjunctive III _ (da)eweros According to the same principle 12 mtskrivis should be singled out in Old Georgian: Series I The Present Tense _ (da-s)wers Continuous _ (da-s)werda Permansive I _ (da-s)werdis Subjunctive I _ (da-s)werdes Series II The Past Tense _ (da)wera Permansive II _ (da)weris
Summary Subjunctive II _ (da)weros Mixed Permansive (Subjunctive) _ (da)werodis Series III Resultative I _ (da)uweria Resultative II _ (da)ewera Permansive III _ (da)eweris Subjunctive III _ (da)eweros 5. The simplification of Old Georgian verb system was caused by the disappearance of the morphological category of frequentative. which was consequently followed by the disappearance of Permansive I, Permansive II, Mixed Permansive (or Mixed Subjunctive) and Permansive III. 6. In the dialects of Georgian three variants of tense-mood system are evidenced: a) in the Kartlian, Kakhetian, Ingiloan, Fereidanian, Acharan, Tao- Klarjian) the system is similar to that of Standard Georgian;. b) in the second group of the dialects the archaic system is preserved; Permansive I and II (in Pshav, Tush, Mtiulian, Khevsurian) and even Permansive III (in Khevsurian) are encountered. though some innovations are also traceable; c) in the third group of the dialects the tense-mood system has become more complicated because of the mtskrivis of Series IV – Resultative III (naKvareba), Resultative IV (naKvarebiKo) and Subjunctive IV (naKvarebiKos) 7. The mtskrivis are arranged and grouped according to the stem relation principle; the relations between mtskrivi stems can be based on a linear or substitution principle. In the case of the linear principle the mtskrivi stem is repeated in another mtskrivi (wer wer-d),whereas in the case of substitution two or more mtskrivis have the same base forming stem. v-wer wer wer-e wer wer v-wer wer wer-i wer v-wer wer wer-o wer 8. The arrangement of mtskrivis into series was based on the stem principle. N. Marr’s system ( a three-series system) is an optimal variant though as N.Marr himself stresses, it has a drawback : in Series III the common stem principle is violated. 9. In a narrow sense conjugation is the alteration of verb forms according to person and number within the framework of a particular mtsksrivi; in a broad sense conjugation is the alteration of verb forms according to mtskrivis Different verbs reveal specific peculiarities of mtskrivi form formation; three types can be singled out here: 1) verbs that can form only one mtskrivi form (dga-s, zi-s 2) verbs that can only build mtskrivi forms of one series (tiris _ tiroda _ tirodes, mefobs _ mefobda _ mefobdes) 3) verbs forming all mtskrivi forms; the third group can be further subdivided: a) verbs having parallel preverbed and preverbless forms in all mtskrivis (akeTebs // gaakeTebs, akeTa // gaakeTa, ukeTebia // gaukeTebia) b) verbs taking no preverbs in any of the mtskrivi forms. (icxovrebs _ icxrovra – ucxovria). g) verbs having 511
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arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnie
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g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i q
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qarTuli zmnis sarkvevi profesorma g
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Sesavali * * * cnobili yeSmaritebaa
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Sesavali Semd.). CvenTvis faseulia
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Sesavali aT ri rigad ri gad gad~...
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Sesavali da sworad Sefasebis saqmeS
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Sesavali ara aqvs, igi cnebis gadmo
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Sesavali 4. II kavSirebiTi 5. Sereu
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Sesavali vaKenebT XII-XVII saukuneT
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Sesavali xis koines, idioleqts. aq
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Sesavali Kvela im parametris mixedv
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Sesavali 2) Tu vsaubrobT qar ar arT
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Sesavali SromebSi zog SemTxvevaSi Z
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Sesavali zmnisa, romelic saerToa er
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Sesavali enobri enob enob enobri ri
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Sesavali ufro sainteresod gveCveneb
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Sesavali 1. rogorc viciT, e xmovani
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Sesavali Zveli qarTuli enis werilob
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nawili nawili nawili pirveli pirvel
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42 g. g o g o l a S v i l i. qarTul
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234 awmKo awmKo-mKofadi awmKo mKofa
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432 sxva magaliTi: g. g o g o l a S
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Ta Tavi Ta vi vi VVI. V . III serii
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Page 509 and 510: Semoklebani i. . abaS abaS. abaS _
Page 513: GIORGI GOGOLASHVILI GEORGIAN VERB (
Page 517 and 518: Sinaarsi qarTuli qarTuli zmnis zmni
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