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G. Gogolashvili, Georgian Verb
parallel forms in Series I, and having only preverbed forms in Series II and III
(Tbeba // gaTbeba _ gaTba _ gamTbari).
10. The system of person and number markers is the most .difficult
issue of the Georgian verb. The second person subjective and the third person
objective have undergone drastic changes. At an early stage of the development
of Standard Georgian (5-9cc) x was replaced by h; later h,s, and 0 co-existed).
In Modern Georgian some functional changes are evidenced: h- and s prefixes
have acquired additional stylistic loading; sometimes they have only a stylistic
function. In Old Georgian the system of the markers of the third person. is
complex (in the singular –a, -o, -s, -n, -d; in the plural : -es, -en,, -an, -n, -ed);
The tendency towards the simplification of the system started in Old Georgian;
In Modern Georgian (in one of its dialects Imeretian) the process ended:: in the
singular consonant suffix -s and, in the plural the suffixes with n became
dominant. Different historical stages of the alteration in question is testified in
the dialects of Modern Georgian. This is not the only case when different stages
of change are evidenced synchronically in the dialects (e.g. the changes in the
form -building means of static verbs, or the substitution of the morphological
way of the formation of frequentative by the analytical one etc.)
11.The changes in the system of thematic markers (the markers forming
the present stem) are also of complex type; complex thematic markers (-veb,
-meb) come into use, as well as ordinary suffixes turn into thematic markers
-ev). The category of voice forms the basis of the distribution of thematic
markers, which is unusual for Old Georgian.
12. The changes in the formation of Series II and III are of particular
interest. In Series II new forms are not developed. though some verbs change
the type of formation; for instance, the past tense forms with no markers start
taking suffixes, the forms of Subjunctive II with the suffix -e change the
suffix into -a. the basis for the distribution of synonymous affixes in the
formation of the same mtskrivis is changed; e.g. in Old Georgian the structure
of the base morpheme formed the basis for the distribution of the thematic
markers for the subjunctive (a, -e), in Modern Georgian the category of voice
forms the basis. etc. In general, the factor of the voice in the form-building is
typical of Modern Georgian. There are a number of exceptions, in Series II ,in
particular, but the consideration of systemic changes makes it possible to
explain them.( e.g. the reason for parallel forms, or the basis for the distribution
of synonymous affixes have already been explained).
The changes in the forms of Series III are an interesting example of
systemic changes; it is difficult to state the reasons for them. However, it can be
said that what was regarded as a violation for the grammatical system of Old
Georgian (the principle of the conjugated stem), has ‘improved’ as a result of
the change in question.
13. The consideration of systemic changes helps to work out normative
recommendations. The study of verb formation reveals numerous unsolved
issues.