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122 g. g o g o l a S v i l i. qarTuli zmna kobT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saTanado gramemebi gvaqvs. rusuli qcevas gamoxatavs ara gramatikuli saSualebebiT, aramed leqsikuri saSualebebiT, da amitom rusulSi qcevis kategoria ar gamoiKofa~ (gv. 211). naSromSi Tanmimdevruladaa ganxiluli saxelisa da zmnis kategoriebi, garda droisa da kilosi. albaT imitom, rom ar xdeba am kategoriaTa gamoxatva morfologiurad da amitom sxva gramatikul kategoriaTa gverdiT maTi daKeneba ar moxerxdeba. sakiTxi amgvaradve daismis gzisobis Sesaxebac (axali qar- TulisaTvis). 4444....5555. . . . gziso gzi gzi gziso soba soba ba, ba, , , ro rogorc ro rogorc gorc gorc zmnis zmnis zmnis zmnis kate ka ka kate tego tego goria goria ria ria rogorc iTqva, a. SaniZis moZGvrebis Tanaxmad, gzi gziso gzi gziso soba ba, ba msgavsad sxva kategoriebisa (dro, kilo, aqti, Tanamdevroba), mwkrivis elementia. gzisoba, iseve rogorc dasaxelebuli kategoriebi, ucvalebelad moiazreba: èlementebi daerqva mwkrivis farglebSi ucvalebel kategoriebs... mwkrivis elementebia dro, kilo, gzisoba, aqti, Tanamdevroba~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 216). ra aris gzisoba da aris Tu ara igi morfologiuri kategoria axal qarTulSi; Sesabamisad _ ucvalebeli kategoria? `gzisoba aris zmnis forma, romelic gviCvenebs, Tu ramdengzis aris moqmedeba Cadenili, erTgzis Tu mravalgzis, anu er- Txel Tu mravalJer~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 209). aqve ganmartavs avtori, rom gzisobas ori forma aqvs: er- Tgzisi da mravalgzisi: èr er erTgzi Tgzisia Tgzi sia forma, romelic erTxel momxdar moqmedebas aGniSnavs da mra mraval mra mraval valgzi valgzi gzisia sia forma, romelic ramdenJerme ganmeorebul moqmedebas gamoxatavs. magaliTebi: da- Jda da daJdis, moitana da moitanis, mokla da moklis da misT.~ (iqve, gv. 210). gzisobasTan dakavSirebuli zogadi sakiTxebis ganxilvisas, rogorc davinaxeT, a. SaniZe mravalgzisobis magaliTad Zveli qarTulis (Tu Tanamedrove qarTulis mTis dialeqtebis) magali- Tebs moixmobs: daJd-i-s, moitan-i-s, mokl-i-s...
Tavi II. dro-kiloTa sistema. uGlebis tipebi faqtobrivad, amiT iTqva, rom mravalgzisobis morfologiuri gamoxatva axal qarTulSi ar xdeba. aGniSnavs kidec: mravalgzisobis gamosaxatavad `Zvelad sagangebo mwkrivi iKo, romelic dGevandel mTis kiloebsa da qiziKurSia daculi... cocxal kiloTa umetesobam da saliteraturo qarTulma es mwkrivi dakarga, samagierod ma maTi ma Ti gamo gamoxat gamo xat xatva xat va uwKve uwKvetel uwKve tel telsa tel sa da misgan nawarmoeb xol xolme xol xolme meobi me bi biTis bi Tis mwkrivs daakisra~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 210). gzisoba, rogorc mwkrivis elementi, ucvalebelia mwkrivis farglebSio, zemoT iTqva. mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel mwkrivTa- Tvis (uwKveteli, xolmeobiTi) mravalgzisoba ar aris ucvalebeli elementi. amitomacaa, uwKvetlis daxasiaTebisas mwkrivis elementTa mixedviT gzisobaze ar mianiSnebs: ùwKveteli Cveulebriv Sedgeba 2 elementisagan: dro warsulia, kilo _ TxrobiTi. zogJer is Tanamdevrobasac Seicavs, _ saxeldobr, er- Tdroulobas warsulSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 218). faqtia, gzisobis mixedviT SeiZleba erTgzisic iKos da mravalgzisic: erTgzisia: is rom movida, davalebas v w e r d i mravalgzisia: sadilis Semdeg davalebas v w e r d i , gakve- Tilebs v s w a v l o b d i da mere v T a m a - S o b d i ... xolmeobiTis mwkrivi `Sedgeba sami elementisagan, dro warsuli, kilo _ TxrobiTi, gzisoba _ mravalgzisi. saxeli ukanaskneli kategoriisagan aris miGebuli~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 219). mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel magaliTebadaa moKvanili: `diliT g a v i G v i Z e b d i Tu ara, a v d g e b o d i , pirs d a v i - b a n d i , saCqarod C a v i c v a m d i , Jer Cais d a v l e v d i , Semdeg magidas m i v u J d e b o d i da weras g a n v a g r Z o b d i ~. _ Kvela magaliTi mravalgzisobis gamomxatvelia. Tumca a. SaniZe iqve SeniSnavs, rom `SeiZleba TxrobiTi kilos nacvlad amave mwkrivma SedegobiTi gadmogvces: èg rom mcodnoda, adre g a - v i G v i Z e b d i , aqamde a v d g e b o d i da pirsac d a v i b a n - d i ~ am SemTxvevaSi frazaSi gzisoba ar aris. mwkrivis saxeli mainc xolmeobiTia (a. SaniZe, iqve). e. i. am magaliTebSi ar aris gamoxatuli mravalgzisi moqmedeba. gzisoba ucvalebeli kategoria arc xolmeobiTis mwkrivSia. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom xol xolme xol me nawilakian kon- 123
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arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnie
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g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i q
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qarTuli zmnis sarkvevi profesorma g
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Sesavali * * * cnobili yeSmaritebaa
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Sesavali Semd.). CvenTvis faseulia
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Sesavali aT ri rigad ri gad gad~...
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Sesavali da sworad Sefasebis saqmeS
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Sesavali ara aqvs, igi cnebis gadmo
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Sesavali 4. II kavSirebiTi 5. Sereu
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Sesavali vaKenebT XII-XVII saukuneT
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Sesavali xis koines, idioleqts. aq
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Sesavali Kvela im parametris mixedv
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Sesavali 2) Tu vsaubrobT qar ar arT
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Sesavali SromebSi zog SemTxvevaSi Z
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Sesavali zmnisa, romelic saerToa er
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Sesavali enobri enob enob enobri ri
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Sesavali ufro sainteresod gveCveneb
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Sesavali 1. rogorc viciT, e xmovani
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Sesavali Zveli qarTuli enis werilob
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nawili nawili nawili pirveli pirvel
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42 g. g o g o l a S v i l i. qarTul
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52 anda: g. g o g o l a S v i l i.
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172 g. g o g o l a S v i l i. qarTu
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224 boboqr-ob-d-i-T boboqr-ob-d-nen
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226 _ _ _ g. g o g o l a S v i l i.
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234 awmKo awmKo-mKofadi awmKo mKofa
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238 ƒam ƒam rwam rwam dga dga g.
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nawili nawili nawili meore meore me
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338 III. v-i-c-i i-c-i i-c-i-s v-i-
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340 zi-xar zi-s g. g o g o l a S v
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Tavi Tavi VV. V . II seriis formaTa
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360 bic: g. g o g o l a S v i l i.
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432 sxva magaliTi: g. g o g o l a S
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436 da-m-e-wer-i-s da-g-e-wer-i-s d
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Ta Tavi Ta vi vi VVI. V . III serii
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458 II II Tur Turme Tur Turme meobi
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460 uwKveteli: I kavSirebiTi: wKvet
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476 damalul ars damalul varT damalu
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Semoklebani i. . abaS abaS. abaS _
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GIORGI GOGOLASHVILI GEORGIAN VERB (
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Summary Subjunctive II _ (da)weros
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Sinaarsi qarTuli qarTuli zmnis zmni
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Sinaarsi 6.3. uGlebis nimuSebi Zvel
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Sinaarsi 14.4. savrcobTa gamoKeneba
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Sinaarsi Tavi VI. III seriis seriis
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