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to be carried out, all possible measures shall be taken in order that the civilian population may bereceived under satisfactory conditions of shelter, hygiene, health, safety, and nutrition. 127Civilians shall not be compelled to leave their own territory for reasons connected withthe conflict. 128 A State must not compel civilians to leave its territory for reasons connected tothe conflict, while insurgents that control territory must not compel civilians to leave the areaunder their authority. 12917.9.1.1 Security of the Civilians Involved or Imperative Military Reasons.Legitimate reasons to order the movement of the civilian population may include, for example:• affording the civilian population greater protection from insurgents; and• reducing the support provided to insurgents from elements of the civilian population. 130Legitimate reasons to order the movement of civilians do not include the use of individuals orgroups of civilians around military objectives as involuntary human shields. 13117.9.2 Prohibition on Starvation of Civilians as a Method of Combat. Starvation ofcivilians as a method of combat is prohibited. It is therefore prohibited to attack, destroy,remove, or render useless, for that purpose, objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian127 Consider AP II art. 17(1) (“Should such displacements have to be carried out, all possible measures shall betaken in order that the civilian population may be received under satisfactory conditions of shelter, hygiene, health,safety and nutrition.”).128 Consider AP II art. 17(2) (“Civilians shall not be compelled to leave their own territory for reasons connectedwith the conflict.”).129 Cf. ICRC AP COMMENTARY 1475 (4859) (“First, there is a question whether, within the meaning of thisprovision [in article 17 of AP II], the term ‘territory’ is equivalent to country. The ICRC draft referred to ‘nationalterritory’. Some amendments proposed substituting the formula ‘across the frontiers of the country of origin’. It isclear that there was never any doubt in anyone's mind that the phrase was intended to refer to the whole of theterritory of a country. However, the text states that it is prohibited to compel civilians to leave ‘their own territory’.In fact, this formula appears to be better suited to all the possible cases which might arise in a situation covered byProtocol II, and to take into account, in particular, situations where the insurgent party is in control of an extensivepart of the territory. In this case the insurgents, too, should respect the obligation laid down here, and not compelcivilians to leave the area under their authority.”).130 For example, Lt. Col. Jerome F. Bierly and Timothy W. Pleasant, Malaya—A Case Study, MARINE CORPSGAZETTE 46, 48 (Jul. 1990) (“The Briggs Plan called for the movement of the general population into protectedareas. In all, a total of 410 villages were eventually moved into areas fortified against guerrilla attacks. This servedtwo purposes: It helped to protect the populace from the attacks, and at the same time it cut off the majority of thefood supply to the guerillas. Also, the Chinese population, from which the guerillas drew most of their support, wasprovided a situation in which they could participate in the local government and establish a degree of economicprosperity they had not previously enjoyed.”).131 Refer to § 5.16 (Prohibition on Using Protected Persons and Objects to Shield, Favor, or Impede MilitaryOperations).1036