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medical units. 457 The obligations in AP I also cover both combatants and civilians. For thepurpose of applying AP I, Article 8 of AP I defines “wounded” and “sick” to include persons“whether military or civilian” and “maternity cases, new-born babies and other persons who maybe in need of immediate medical assistance or care, such as the infirm or expectant mothers, andwho refrain from any act of hostility.” 458 On the other hand, in the 1949 Geneva Conventions,the protections for civilians who are wounded and sick are addressed in the GC, and theprotections for combatants who are wounded and sick are addressed in the GWS, GWS-Sea, andGPW. 4597.20.2 AP I Provisions on Medical Transportation. Section II of AP I has a number ofarticles that are intended to expand upon the protection afforded to medical transports. Forexample, under AP I, the respect and protection of medical aircraft of a party to the conflict inand over land areas physically controlled by friendly forces or in and over sea areas notphysically controlled by an adverse party are not dependent on any agreement with an adverseparty. 460 Similarly, the protection of small craft described in Article 27 of the GWS-Sea isafforded, even if the notification envisaged by that Article has not been made. 4617.20.3 AP I Provisions on Missing and Dead Persons. Section III of Part II of AP I hasthree articles that are intended to help families know the fate of their relatives. 462 For example,as soon as circumstances and the relations between adverse parties permit, the States that areParties to AP I in whose territories graves may be shall conclude agreements: (1) to facilitateaccess to gravesites by relatives of the deceased and by representatives of official GravesRegistration Services and to regulate the practical arrangements for such access; (2) to protectand maintain such gravesites permanently; and (3) to facilitate the return of the remains of the457 AP I art. 12(2) (“2. Paragraph 1 shall apply to civilian medical units, provided that they: a) belong to one of theParties to the conflict; b) are recognized and authorized by the competent authority of one of the Parties to theconflict; or c) are authorized in conformity with Article 9, paragraph 2, of this Protocol or Article 27 of the FirstConvention.”).458 AP I art. 8(a) (“‘Wounded’ and ‘sick’ mean persons, whether military or civilian, who, because of trauma,disease or other physical or mental disorder or disability, are in need of medical assistance or care and who refrainfrom any act of hostility. These terms also cover maternity cases, new-born babies and other persons who may be inneed of immediate medical assistance or care, such as the infirm or expectant mothers, and who refrain from any actof hostility;”).459 Refer to § 7.3.2 (Persons Entitled to Protection as Wounded, Sick, or Shipwrecked Under the GWS and GWS-Sea); § 7.16 (Protection of Civilians Who Are Wounded, Sick, Infirm, or Expectant Mothers).460 AP I art. 25 (“In and over land areas physically controlled by friendly forces, or in and over sea areas notphysically controlled by an adverse Party, the respect and protection of medical aircraft of a Party to the conflict isnot dependent on any agreement with an adverse Party. For greater safety, however, a Party to the conflict operatingits medical aircraft in these areas may notify the adverse Party, as provided in Article 29, in particular when suchaircraft are making flights bringing them within range of surface-to-air weapons systems of the adverse Party.”).461 AP I art. 22(3) (“Small craft described in Article 27 of the Second Convention shall be protected even if thenotification envisaged by that Article has not been made. The Parties to the conflict are, nevertheless, invited toinform each other of any details of such craft which will facilitate their identification and recognition.”).462 AP I art. 32 (“In the implementation of this Section, the activities of the High Contracting Parties, of the Partiesto the conflict and of the international humanitarian organizations mentioned in the Conventions and in this Protocolshall be prompted mainly by the right of families to know the fate of their relatives.”).484