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weapon that employs rubber projectiles that are unlikely to penetrate the skin need not bedetectable by X-rays.6.11.3 Fragments Escaping Detection by X-Rays. The fragments must not be such thatthey escape detection by X-rays. For example, a member of the armed forces engaged in theauthorized construction and/or employment of field-improvised booby-traps may not use glassfor fragments for the purpose of wounding enemy personnel. 223In some cases, the fragments that otherwise would not be detectable by X-rays may bemodified in order to ensure that they would be detectable by X-rays. For example, projectilesmay be modified with a substance, such as barium sulfate, so that they are readily detectable byX-rays if they happen to penetrate the skin. 2246.12 LANDMINES, BOOBY-TRAPS, AND OTHER DEVICESAs a class of weapons, landmines, booby-traps, and other devices are not specificallyprohibited under the law of war. However, certain landmines, booby-traps, and other devices areprohibited. In addition, the use of landmines, booby-traps, and other devices is subject to certainrestrictions that the United States has accepted in the CCW Amended Mines Protocol.6.12.1 Definition of Mine. The CCW Amended Mines Protocol defines a “mine” as “amunition placed under, on, or near the ground or other surface area and designed to be explodedby the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle.” 225 The term “mine” thus includesboth anti-personnel and anti-vehicle mines, including anti-tank mines.The mines to which the CCW Amended Mines Protocol relate are those used on land,including those laid to interdict beaches, waterway crossings, or river crossings, but do notinclude the use of anti-ship mines at sea or in inland waterways. 226 The rules on naval mines areaddressed in § 13.11 (Naval Mines).223 Refer to § 6.12.4.1 (Mines, Booby-Traps, and Other Devices Calculated to Cause Superfluous Injury).224 W. Hays Parks, Means and Methods of Warfare, 38 THE GEORGE WASHINGTON INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW511, 524 note 53 (2006) (“In 1998, the author conducted the legal review of the Modular Crowd Control Munition, aless-lethal version of the M18 Claymore mine containing rubber instead of steel projectiles. While the chance of therubber projectiles penetrating the skin was negligible, the rubber projectiles were implanted with 5 percent BariumSulfate to make them detectable by x-ray and compliant with Protocol I of the UNCCW. See Office of The JudgeAdvocate General of the Army, Memorandum of Law: Legal Review of Modular Crowd Control Munition(MCCM) (Oct. 13, 1998) [hereinafter DAJA-IO: Modular Crowd Control Munition].”) (insertion in original).225 CCW AMENDED MINES PROTOCOL art. 2(1) (“‘Mine’ means a munition placed under, on or near the ground orother surface area and designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle.”).226 CCW AMENDED MINES PROTOCOL art. 1(1) (“This Protocol relates to the use on land of the mines, booby-trapsand other devices, defined herein, including mines laid to interdict beaches, waterway crossings or river crossings,but does not apply to the use of anti-ship mines at sea or in inland waterways.”).356