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• establishing civil authorities to assume responsibility for planning and acting to ensurerespect for cultural property under its control; 508• physically shielding cultural property from harm; and• establishing refuges and evacuating movable cultural property to them. 5095.18.5 Refraining From Any Act of Hostility. In general, acts of hostility may not bedirected against cultural property, its immediate surroundings, or appliances in use for itsprotection. 510 Acts of hostility may, however, be directed against cultural property, itsimmediate surroundings, or appliances in use for its protection, when military necessityimperatively requires such acts. 5115.18.5.1 Imperative Military Necessity Waiver. Acts of hostility may be directedagainst cultural property, its immediate surroundings, or appliances in use for its protection whenmilitary necessity imperatively requires such acts. The requirement that military necessityimperatively require such acts should not be confused with convenience or be used to cloakslackness or indifference to the preservation of cultural property. 512 This waiver of obligationswith respect to cultural property is analogous to the requirement that enemy property may onlybe seized if imperatively required by the necessities of war. 513For example, if cultural property is being used by an opposing force for militarypurposes, then military necessity generally would imperatively require its seizure ordestruction. 514listed in the directive]. U.S. [forward air controllers] will not control or assist air strikes of any nation within 1,000meters of these areas regardless of [Forces Armée Nationale Khmer] request of validation.”).508 These include museum curators and staff, local fire and law enforcement authorities, and civil defense personnel.509 Refer to § 5.18.1.3 (Buildings Intended to Preserve Cultural Property).510 1954 HAGUE CULTURAL PROPERTY CONVENTION art. 4(1) (“The High Contracting Parties undertake to respectcultural property situated within their own territory as well as within the territory of other High Contracting Parties… by refraining from any act of hostility directed against such property.”).511 1954 HAGUE CULTURAL PROPERTY CONVENTION art. 4(2) (“The obligations mentioned in paragraph 1 of thepresent Article may be waived only in cases where military necessity imperatively requires such a waiver.”).512 Refer to footnote 503 in § 5.18.3.1 (Imperative Military Necessity Waiver).513 Refer to § 5.17.2 (Enemy Property – Military Necessity Standard). For general discussion of military necessity,refer to § 2.2 (Military Necessity).514 Cf. ROERICH PACT art. 5 (“The monuments and institutions mentioned in article I shall cease to enjoy theprivileges recognized in the present treaty in case they are made use of for military purposes.”); HAGUE IV REG. art.27 (“In sieges and bombardments all necessary steps must be taken to spare, as far as possible, buildings dedicatedto religion, art, science, or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals, and places where the sick andwounded are collected, provided they are not being used at the time for military purposes.”) (emphasis added);HAGUE IX art. 5 (“In bombardments by naval forces all the necessary measures must be taken by the commander tospare as far as possible sacred edifices, buildings used for artistic, scientific, or charitable purposes, historicmonuments, hospitals, and places where the sick or wounded are collected, on the understanding that they are notused at the same time for military purposes.”) (emphasis added). Compare § 5.18.8.2 (Conditions for the Grantingof Special Protection – No Use for Military Purposes).276