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tank mines may be laid on such areas in order to block enemy forces’ tanks. 180that have been regarded as military objectives have included, for example:Areas of land• road networks; 181• known or suspected enemy avenues of approach or withdrawal;• mountain passes, hills, defiles, and bridgeheads; 182 and• villages, towns, or cities whose seizure is militarily important. 1835.7.8.5 Examples of Military Objectives – Economic Objects Associated WithMilitary Operations. Economic objects associated with military operations or with warsupportingor war-sustaining industries have been regarded as military objectives.Electric power stations are generally recognized to be of sufficient importance to aState’s capacity to meet its wartime needs of communication, transport, and industry so asusually to qualify as military objectives during armed conflicts. 184180 United States, Statement on Consent to Be Bound by the CCW Amended Mines Protocol, May 24, 1999, 2065UNTS 128, 130 (“The United States understands that an area of land itself can be a legitimate military objective forthe purpose of the use of landmines, if its neutralization or denial, in the circumstances applicable at the time, offersa military advantage.”).181 See FINAL REPORT ON THE PERSIAN GULF WAR 612 (“A bridge or highway vital to daily commuter and businesstraffic can be equally crucial to military traffic, or support for a nation’s war effort. Railroads, airports, seaports,and the interstate highway system in the United States have been funded by the Congress in part because of USnational security concerns, for example; each proved invaluable to the movement of US military units to variousports for deployment to Southwest Asia (SWA) for Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Destruction of abridge, airport, or port facility, or interdiction of a highway can be equally important in impeding an enemy’s wareffort.”).182 ROGERS, LAW ON THE BATTLEFIELD 37.183 For example, MILAN N. VEGO, JOINT OPERATIONAL WARFARE: THEORY AND PRACTICE II-34-II-35 (Reprint of1st ed., 2009) (“In purely military terms, a capital is normally an operational objective to be seized or defended. Thereason is that no enemy’s capital can possibly physically include the enemy’s entire armed forces, or even most ofthe ground forces. Therefore, the defeat of enemy forces defending the capital (and most other large cities as well)would normally amount to the accomplishment of an operational objective that in some situations could havestrategic consequences for the war’s outcome. … General Mark Clark, the Fifth Army’s commander, was directedby President Franklin D. Roosevelt and General George Marshall to take Rome as quickly as possible, and in anyevent before the planned Normandy landing. The Allied troops entered Rome on 6 June 1944, the same day theAllied forces landed in Normandy.”).184 Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, Partial Award: Western Front, Aerial Bombardment and Related Claims,Eritrea’s Claims 1, 3, 5, 9-13, 14, 21, 25 & 26, 117 (Dec. 19, 2005) (“The Commission agrees with Ethiopia thatelectric power stations are generally recognized to be of sufficient importance to a State’s capacity to meet itswartime needs of communication, transport and industry so as usually to qualify as military objectives during armedconflicts. The Commission also recognizes that not all such power stations would qualify as military objectives, forexample, power stations that are known, or should be known, to be segregated from a general power grid and arelimited to supplying power for humanitarian purposes, such as medical facilities, or other uses that could have noeffect on the State’s ability to wage war.”). For example, W. Hays Parks, Air War and the Law of War, 32 AIRFORCE LAW REVIEW 1, 168-69 (1990) (“In selecting North Vietnamese power sources for attack, target intelligenceauthorities identified the Lang Chi hydroelectric facility, a Soviet-built, 122,500-kilowatt electric generating plant215