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The form of the notification is not material so long as it is effective, and a variety ofmethods may be used. 156The notification of the blockade may establish a presumption of knowledge of theblockade that is required in the offense of breach or attempted breach of a blockade. 15713.10.2.3 Effectiveness of the Blockade. In order to be binding, a blockade mustbe effective. 158 This requirement of effectiveness is intended to prevent “paper” blockades. 159The requirement of effectiveness means that the blockade must be maintained by forcesthat are sufficient to render ingress or egress of the blockaded area dangerous. 160 Theauthorities acting in its name. It specifies– (1) The date when the blockade begins; (2) The geographical limits ofthe coastline under blockade; (3) The period within which neutral vessels may come out.”).156 For example, The Public Commission to Examine the Maritime Incident of 31 May 2010, et. al (The TurkelCommission), Report: Part one, 162-63 (58) (Jan. 2010) (“In the case at hand, the State of Israel took the followingsteps in order to give notice of the naval blockade: from the testimony of the Military Advocate-General, Major-General Avichai Mendelblit, it can be seen that the Military Advocate-General’s Office asked the Ministry ofTransport to transmit information regarding the imposition of the naval blockade by all methods at its disposal, inorder to ensure that the notice would reach all vessels in the Mediterranean Sea. This was also done. The noticewas also published on the Internet sites of the IDF, the Shipping Authority, the Military Advocate-General, and theMinistry of Transport, and, as noted above, via several international channels. The announcement was alsotransmitted twice a day via the emergency channel for maritime communication to all ships within a distance of upto 300 kilometers from the Israeli coast. In addition, notices were also sent to the flag States and the States thatIsrael knew intended to send ships to the area. These steps clearly satisfy the requirement of ‘notice.’”).157 Refer to § 13.10.4.2 (Knowledge of the Existence of Blockade).158 Consider 1909 DECLARATION OF LONDON art. 2 (“In accordance with the Declaration of Paris of 1856, ablockade, in order to be binding must be effective – that is to say, it must be maintained by a force sufficient reallyto prevent access to the enemy coastline.”); Declaration respecting maritime law signed by the Plenipotentiaries ofGreat Britain, Austria, France, Prussia, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey, assembled in Congress at Paris, Apr. 16, 1856,reprinted in 1 AJIL SUPPLEMENT: OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 89 (1907) (“4. Blockades, in order to be binding, must beeffective, that is to say, maintained by a force sufficient really to prevent access to the coast of the enemy.”).159 The Peterhoff, 72 U.S. 28, 50 (1867) (“It must be premised that no paper or constructive blockade is allowed byinternational law. When such blockades have been attempted by other nations, the United States have ever protestedagainst them and denied their validity. Their illegality is now confessed on all hands. It was solemnly proclaimedin the Declaration of Paris of 1856, to which most of the civilized nations of the world have since adhered; and thisprinciple is nowhere more fully recognized than in our own country, though not a party to that declaration.”); TheOlinde Rodrigues, 174 U.S. 510, 513-14 (1899) (“The fourth maxim of the Declaration of Paris (April 16, 1856)was: ‘Blockades, in order to be binding, must be effective, that is to say, maintained by a force sufficient really toprevent access to the coast of the enemy.’ Manifestly this broad definition was not intended to be literally applied.The object was to correct the abuse, in the early part of the century, of paper blockades, where extensive coasts wereput under blockade by proclamation, without the presence of any force, or an inadequate force; and the question ofwhat might be sufficient force was necessarily left to be determined according to the particular circumstances.”).160 See 2007 NWP 1-14M 7.7.2.3 (“To be valid, a blockade must be effective—that is, it must be maintained by asurface, air, or subsurface force or other legitimate methods and means of warfare that is sufficient to render ingressor egress of the blockaded area dangerous.”); 1955 NWIP 10-2 632d (“A blockade, in order to be binding, must beeffective. This means that a blockade must be maintained by a force sufficient to render ingress and egress to orfrom the blockaded area dangerous.”); The Olinde Rodrigues, 174 U.S. 510, 515 (1899) (“Such is the settleddoctrine of the English and American courts and publicists, and it is embodied in the second of the instructionsissued by the Secretary of the Navy, June 20, 1898, General Order No. 492: ‘A blockade to be effective and bindingmust be maintained by a force sufficient to render ingress to or egress from the port dangerous.’”);888