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prescribed period, or until further orders, to engage in the specified trade, are sometimes calledlicenses to trade. 8712.6.3.1 Safe-Conduct Pass for Ambassadors and Diplomatic Agents of NeutralGovernments Accredited to the Enemy. Ambassadors and other diplomatic agents of neutralgovernments accredited to the opposing party to the conflict may receive a safe-conduct passthrough territory under the opposing force’s control, unless there are military or other securityreasons to the contrary, including the safety of the personnel in question, and unless they mayreach their destination conveniently by another route. 88 There is no international lawrequirement, however, for issuing such a safe-conduct pass; such passes usually would begranted by national-level authorities and not subordinate officers. 8912.6.3.2 Licenses to Trade. Licenses to trade must, as a general rule, emanatefrom the supreme authority of the State. 90 In an international armed conflict, a State controllingterritory of the enemy may grant licenses to trade that relax its prohibitions on trading with theenemy. 91 Licenses to trade issued by military authorities may be either general or special. Ageneral license generally or partially relaxes the exercise of the rights of war in regard to trade inrelation to any community or individuals liable to be affected by their operation. 92 A speciallicense is one given to individuals for a particular voyage or journey for the importation orexportation of particular goods. 9387 1956 FM 27-10 (Change No. 1 1976) 456 (“Safe-conducts for goods in which the grantee is given a continuingright for a prescribed period, or until further orders, to engage in the specified trade, are sometimes called licenses totrade.”); 1958 UK MANUAL 489 (“A safe-conduct may, however, also be given for goods, and it then comprisespermission for such good to be carried unmolested from or to a certain place, for instance from or into a besiegedtown.”).88 1956 FM 27-10 (Change No. 1 1976) 456 (“Ambassadors and other diplomatic agents of neutral powers,accredited to the enemy, may receive safe-conducts through the territories occupied by the belligerents, unless thereare military reasons to the contrary and unless they may reach the place of their destination conveniently by anotherroute.”); LIEBER CODE art. 87 (“Ambassadors, and all other diplomatic agents of neutral powers, accredited to theenemy, may receive safe-conducts through the territories occupied by the belligerents, unless there are militaryreasons to the contrary, and unless they may reach the place of their destination conveniently by another route.”).89 1956 FM 27-10 (Change No. 1 1976) 456 (“There is, however, no legal requirement that such safe-conducts beissued. Safe-conducts of this nature are usually given by the supreme authority of the State and not by subordinateofficers.”); LIEBER CODE art. 87 (“It implies no international affront if the safe-conduct is declined. Such passes areusually given by the supreme authority of the State, and not by subordinate officers.”).90 1914 RULES OF LAND WARFARE 281 note 1 (“Licenses to trade must, as a general rule, emanate from thesupreme authority of the State.”).91 Refer to § 12.1.1 (Traditional Rule of Non-Intercourse During War).92 1914 RULES OF LAND WARFARE 281 (“A general license relaxes the exercise of the rights of war, generally orpartially, in relation to any community or individuals liable to be affected by their operation.”).93 1914 RULES OF LAND WARFARE 281 (“A special license is one given to individuals for a particular voyage orjourney for the importation or exportation of particular goods.”).836