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6.5.3.2 Use of Tools to Stab or Cut. Edged tools, such as over-size knives,machetes, and entrenching tools, have often been employed both as tools and as weapons. Suchtools are not prohibited by the law of war, and the law of war does not prohibit the use of tools asweapons to bludgeon, stab, or cut.6.5.4 Small Arms, Cannons, and Other Guns. Small arms, cannons, and other guns arenot specifically restricted or prohibited by the law of war. In particular, there are no specificrules against shotguns, exploding bullets, expanding bullets, suppressors, or anti-personnel use oflarger caliber guns or cannons.6.5.4.1 Small Arms, Cannons, and Other Guns – Other Rules on Weapons, asApplicable. Although no law of war rule regulates small arms, cannons, and other guns as aspecific category, these weapons are subject to other law of war rules on weapons, as applicable.For example, the use of ammunition, the primary effect of which is to injure by fragmentsthat in the human body escape detection by X-rays, is prohibited. 57 In addition, poison must notbe added to bullets or other projectiles. 58 As with other weapons, small arms, cannons, and otherguns must not be calculated to cause superfluous injury. 59 For example, modifying guns orammunition for the purpose of aggravating the harm inflicted upon incapacitated persons wouldbe prohibited (e.g., adding a substance to bullets with the intent to inflame wounds). 60Guns that fall under the definition of incendiary weapons would be regulated asincendiary weapons. 61 However, tracer ammunition is not an “incendiary weapon” because anyincendiary effects are incidental. 62 In addition, even certain projectiles designed to haveincendiary effects that are combined with other effects (e.g., penetration, blast, or fragmentationeffects) would not be regulated as incendiary weapons. 636.5.4.2 Shotguns. There is no law of war prohibition on the use (including antipersonneluse) of the shotgun in combat. 64 The fact that multiple fragments are used in manyshotgun rounds to wound does not prohibit their use. 6557 Refer to § 6.11 (Weapons Injuring by Fragments Not Detectable by X-Rays).58 Refer to § 6.8.1 (Poison and Poisoned Weapons).59 Refer to § 6.6 (Weapons Calculated to Cause Superfluous Injury).60 Refer to § 6.6.4 (Weapons Modified for the Purpose of Aggravating the Harm Inflicted on Incapacitated Persons).61 Refer to § 6.14 (Incendiary Weapons).62 Refer to § 6.14.1.3 (Excluded From the Definition of Incendiary Weapons – Weapons With Incidental IncendiaryEffects).63 Refer to § 6.14.1.4 (Excluded From the Definition of Incendiary Weapons – Certain Combined-EffectsMunitions).64 For example, The Secretary of State to the Swiss Chargé (Oderlin) (Sept. 28, 1918), reprinted in PAPERSRELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1918, SUPPLEMENT 2, THE WORLD WAR 785-86(1933) (“In reply to the German protest, the Government of the United States has to say that the provision of theHague convention [Hague IV Reg. art. 23(e)], cited in the protest, does not in its opinion forbid the use of this kindof weapon. Moreover, in view of the history of the shotgun as a weapon of warfare, and in view of the well-known321