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Similarly, before the United States ratified the amendment to Article 1 of the CCW, U.S. policywas to apply the CCW Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons to all armed conflicts and inpeacetime. 24319.21.1.2 U.S. Reservation to Article 7(4)(b) of the CCW. The United States tooka reservation to Article 7(4)(b) of the CCW. 244Article 7(4) of the CCW provides:This Convention, and the annexed Protocols by which a High Contracting Party isbound, shall apply with respect to an armed conflict against that High ContractingParty of the type referred to in Article 1, paragraph 4, of Additional Protocol I tothe Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims:…(b) where the High Contracting Party is not a party to Additional Protocol I andan authority of the type referred to in subparagraph (a) above accepts and appliesthe obligations of the Geneva Conventions and of this Convention and therelevant annexed Protocols in relation to that conflict. Such an acceptance andapplication shall have in relation to that conflict the following effects:(i) the Geneva Conventions and this Convention and its relevant annexedProtocols are brought into force for the parties to the conflict with immediateeffect;(ii) the said authority assumes the same rights and obligations as thosewhich have been assumed by a High Contracting Party to the GenevaConventions, this Convention and its relevant annexed Protocols; and(iii) the Geneva Conventions, this Convention and its relevant annexedProtocols are equally binding upon all parties to the conflict.The High Contracting Party and the authority may also agree to accept and applythe obligations of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions on areciprocal basis.243 Article-by-Article Analysis of CCW Protocol IV on Blinding Laser Weapons, 3-4, Enclosure C to WarrenChristopher, Letter of Submittal, Dec. 7, 1996, MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT TRANSMITTING THE CCW AMENDEDMINES PROTOCOL, PROTOCOL III ON INCENDIARY WEAPONS, AND PROTOCOL IV ON BLINDING LASER WEAPONS 43-44 (“The United States favored an expanded scope of application for the Blinding Laser Weapons Protocol. As amatter of policy, the United States will refrain from the use of laser weapons prohibited by the Protocol. Therefore,while the Blinding Laser Weapons Protocol does not legally apply to all armed conflicts, it is U.S. policy to applythe Protocol to all such conflicts, however, they may be characterized, and in peacetime.”).244 United States, Statement on Ratification of the CCW, Accepting Protocols I & II, Mar. 24, 1995, 1861 UNTS 482(“(1) Reservation. Article 7 (4) (b) of the Convention shall not apply with respect to the United States.”).1167