5cjxburmr

To advance educational opportunities for POWs, the Detaining Power may seek ways toencourage and assist them in teaching one another. 3049.16.3 Opportunities for Physical Exercise and for Being Outdoors. POWs shall haveopportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and for being outdoors. 305Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps. 3069.16.4 Contributions by Sources Apart From the Detaining Power. Apart from theDetaining Power, POWs may receive assistance from a variety of sources that allow them toengage in intellectual, physical, and recreational activities.For example, relief organizations, including the ICRC, may contribute to ensuring thatPOWs have opportunities for intellectual, physical, and recreational activities. 307 In addition,POWs may receive shipments that are intended to allow them to engage in these activities. 308Profits from the canteen may also be used for this purpose. 3099.17 CANTEENS FOR POWSCanteens shall be established in all camps, where POWs may procure foodstuffs, soapand tobacco, and ordinary articles for daily use. 310 The purpose is to improve the morale ofPOWs by offering goods that are beyond the minimum necessities. 3119.17.1 Establishment of Canteens. Canteens should be established within a reasonableperiod of time, such as after more basic camp facilities have been established and similarfacilities have been established for U.S. forces in the area. In conflicts of short duration or wherePOWs are to be transferred to another party to the conflict for longer-term internment, it may beunnecessary to establish a canteen.304 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PAMPHLET 20-213, History of Prisoner Of War Utilization By The United StatesArmy, 1776-1945, 160 (Jun. 24, 1955) (“The War Department encouraged the PW’s to organize formal studycourses and allowed them to select a director of studies from their group to organize and promote educational andrecreational activities. The PW’s also selected qualified teachers and instructors who were given sufficient free timeto carry out their educational work. These were paid the standard rate for their educational duties when the workexcluded them from other paid labor. The expenses of the educational program, including the pay of the directorand teachers, came from the PW fund of the camp served.”).305 GPW art. 38 (“Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, andfor being out of doors.”).306 GPW art. 38 (“Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.”).307 Refer to § 9.33.2 (Access by Relief Societies and Other Organizations).308 Refer to § 9.20.3 (Receipt of Individual and Collective Relief Shipments for POWs).309 Refer to § 9.17.3 (Camp Canteen Management and Profits).310 GPW art. 28 (“Canteens shall be installed in all camps, where prisoners of war may procure foodstuffs, soap andtobacco and ordinary articles in daily use.”).311 LEVIE, POWS 143 (“The existence of the canteen and the availability for sale of canteen-type articles has anaffirmative effect on morale the extent of which is incalculable.”).553