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y a declaration of the belligerent State, or by the commander of the blockading force acting onbehalf of the belligerent State. 150The U.N. Security Council is also expressly given the authority by the Charter of theUnited Nations to authorize blockades. 151 A blockade of the ports or coasts of a State isgenerally regarded as a measure involving force against that State for the purposes of the Charterof the United Nations. 15213.10.2.2 Notification of the Blockade. It is customary for the belligerent Stateestablishing the blockade to notify all affected States of its imposition. 153 The commander of theblockading forces will usually also notify local authorities in the blockaded area. 154Notification should include, as a minimum, the date the blockade is to begin, itsgeographic limits, and the grace period granted neutral vessels and aircraft to leave the area to beblockaded. 155150 Consider DECLARATION OF LONDON art. 9 (1909) (“A declaration of a blockade is made either by the blockadingPower or by the naval authorities acting in its name.”).151 Refer to § 1.11.4.2 (Use of Force Authorized by the U.N. Security Council Acting Under Chapter VII of theCharter of the United Nations).152 See, e.g., Legal and Practical Consequences of a Blockade of Cuba, Oct. 19, 1962, 1 SUPPLEMENTAL OPINIONSOF THE OFFICE OF LEGAL COUNSEL 486, 490 (2013) (“The legality today of a blockade unilaterally imposed by onestate upon another depends upon its compatibility with the language and principles of the Charter. Ordinarily it, likeother measures involving force, is reserved to the United Nations or to regional organizations such as the OAS. Ifimposed unilaterally without prior approval it must be considered a reasonable measure under the circumstances,proportional to the threat posed, and limited to a legitimate purpose. It does not become more or less lawful on thebasis of declaration of war or a failure to declare war.”); Definition of Aggression, arts. 1, 3, Annex to U.N.GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 3314 (XXIX), Definition of Aggression, U.N. Doc. A/RES/3314 (XXIX) (Dec.14, 1974) (“Aggression is the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or politicalindependence of another State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations, as set outin this Definition. … Any of the following acts, regardless of a declaration of war, shall, subject to and inaccordance with the provisions of article 2, qualify as an act of aggression: ... (c) The blockade of the ports or coastsof a State by the armed forces of another State.”).153 2007 NWP 1-14M 7.7.2.2 (“It is customary for the belligerent nation establishing the blockade to notify allaffected nations of its imposition.”); 1955 NWIP 10-2 632b (“It is customary for the blockade to be notified in asuitable manner to the governments of all States.”). Consider 1909 DECLARATION OF LONDON art. 11 (“Adeclaration of blockade is notified– (1) to neutral Powers, by the blockading Power, by means of a communicationaddressed to the Governments direct, or to their representatives accredited to it.”).154 2007 NWP 1-14M 7.7.2.2 (“The commander of the blockading forces will usually also notify local authorities inthe blockaded area.”); 1955 NWIP 10-2 632b (“The commander of the blockading force usually makes notificationto local authorities in the blockaded area.”). Consider 1909 DECLARATION OF LONDON art. 11 (“A declaration ofblockade is notified– … (2) to the local authorities, by the officer commanding the blockading force. The localauthorities will, in turn, inform the foreign consular officers at the port or on the coastline under blockade as soon aspossible.”).155 2007 NWP 1-14M 7.7.2.1 (“The declaration should include, as a minimum, the date the blockade is to begin, itsgeographic limits, and the grace period granted neutral vessels and aircraft to leave the area to be blockaded.”); 1955NWIP 10-2 632b (“The declaration should include the date the blockade begins, the geographical limits of theblockade, and the period granted neutral vessels and aircraft to leave the blockaded area.”). Consider 1909DECLARATION OF LONDON art. 9 (“A declaration of blockade is made either by the blockading Power or by the naval887