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Working Group develops and coordinates law of war initiatives and issues, manages other law ofwar matters as they arise, and provides advice to the DoD General Counsel on legal matterscovered by DoD Directive 2311.01E. 46 This includes the preparation, review, and updating ofthis manual.18.6 DISSEMINATION, STUDY, AND OTHER MEASURES TO FACILITATE UNDERSTANDING OF DUTIESUNDER THE LAW OF WARA basic step in implementing and enforcing the law of war is to ensure that peopleunderstand its requirements. Certain treaties require that Parties disseminate the text of thattreaty and promote its study, especially by those personnel who are assigned to implement itsobligations.18.6.1 General Dissemination and Study of Treaties. Certain treaties require that Partiesdisseminate the treaty and promote study of that treaty by the armed forces and the civilianpopulation.18.6.1.1 Dissemination and Study - 1949 Geneva Conventions. Parties to 1949Geneva Conventions undertake, in time of peace, as in time of war, to disseminate the text ofthose Conventions widely as possible in their respective countries, and in particular, to includethe study of the Conventions in their programs of military and, if possible, civil instruction. 47 Inaddition to the entire population of the Party to the GPW, the GPW emphasizes that Parties’armed forces should know the principles of the GPW. 48 Similarly, the GWS and GWS-Seaemphasize that the armed fighting forces, medical personnel, and chaplains should know theprinciples of those treaties. 49the Legal Counsel to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the International and Operational Law Division ofthe Office of the Judge Advocate General of each Military Department, and the Operational Law Branch of theOffice of the Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.”).46 DOD DIRECTIVE 2311.01E, DoD Law of War Program, 5.1.4 (May 9, 2006, Certified Current as of Feb. 22,2011) (“The DoD Law of War Working Group shall develop and coordinate law of war initiatives and issues;support the research, preparation, review, and updating of the DoD Law of War Manual; manage other law of warmatters as they arise; and provide advice to the General Counsel on legal matters covered by this Directive.”); DODDIRECTIVE 5100.77, DoD Law of War Program, 5.1.2 (Dec. 9, 1998) (“The DoD Law of War Working Group shalldevelop and coordinate law of war initiatives and issues, manage other law of war matters as they arise, and provideadvice to the General Counsel on legal matters covered by this Directive.”).47 GC art. 144 (“The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to disseminate the textof the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective countries, and, in particular, to include the studythereof in their programmes of military and, if possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may becomeknown to the entire population.”).48 GPW art. 127 (The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to disseminate the textof the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective countries, and, in particular, to include the studythereof in their programmes of military and, if possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may becomeknown to all their armed forces and to the entire population.”).49 GWS art. 47 (“The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to disseminate the textof the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective countries, and, in particular, to include the studythereof in their programmes of military and, if possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may become1063