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particular classes has some attributes of combatant status and some attributes of civilian status; incertain respects persons in these classes are treated like combatants, but in other respects they aretreated like civilians. These classes may be classified into three groups: (1) certain personnelengaged in humanitarian duties; (2) certain authorized supporters of the armed forces; and (3)unprivileged belligerents.4.2.3.1 Certain Personnel Engaged Humanitarian Duties. Certain categories ofpersonnel have humanitarian duties that involve them in hostilities but also entitle them tospecial protections:• military medical and religious personnel; 19• authorized staff of voluntary aid societies; 20• staff of a recognized aid society of a neutral country; 21• auxiliary medical personnel; 22 and• personnel engaged in the protection of cultural property. 234.2.3.2 Certain Authorized Supporters of the Armed Forces. Certain categories ofpersons are not members of the armed forces, but are nonetheless authorized to support thearmed forces in the fighting:• persons authorized to accompany the armed forces, but who are not members thereof; 24and• members of the crews of merchant marine vessels or civil aircraft of a belligerent. 254.2.3.3 Unprivileged Belligerents. Unprivileged belligerents generally are subjectto the liabilities of both combatant and civilian status, and include: 26• persons engaging in spying, sabotage, and similar acts behind enemy lines; 27 and• private persons engaging in hostilities. 2819 Refer to § 4.9 (Military Medical and Religious Personnel).20 Refer to § 4.11 (Authorized Staff of Voluntary Aid Societies).21 Refer to § 4.12 (Staff of a Recognized Aid Society of a Neutral Country).22 Refer to § 4.13 (Auxiliary Medical Personnel).23 Refer to § 4.14.1 (Personnel Engaged in the Protection of Cultural Property).24 Refer to § 4.15 (Persons Authorized to Accompany the Armed Forces).25 Refer to § 4.16 (Crews of Merchant Marine Vessels or Civil Aircraft).26 Refer to § 4.3.4 (Types of Unprivileged Belligerents).27 Refer to § 4.17 (Spies, Saboteurs, and Other Persons Engaging in Similar Acts Behind Enemy Lines).102