5cjxburmr

First, parties to a conflict must not disguise their armed forces as civilians or as otherprotected categories of persons in order to kill or wound opposing forces. 88 Second, other rulesobligate parties to mark protected persons and objects to help ensure they receive the protectionsof that status. 89 Third, certain rules encourage parties to a conflict to identify certain persons andobjects as unprotected. For example, during international armed conflict, members of organizedresistance movements must, inter alia, wear fixed distinctive signs visible at a distance and carryarms openly to distinguish themselves from the civilian population in order for members of theirgroup to receive POW status. 902.5.3.2 Feasible Measures to Separate Physically a Party’s Own MilitaryObjectives From the Civilian Population and Other Protected Persons and Objects. Distinctionalso creates obligations for parties to a conflict to take feasible measures to separate physicallytheir own military objectives from the civilian population and other protected persons andobjects. 91For example, it may be appropriate to evacuate civilians from danger areas. 92 Similarly,if feasible, military commanders should avoid placing military objectives in densely populatedareas. 93 In addition, it may be appropriate to establish zones where civilians and other protectedpersons may seek refuge. 942.5.3.3 Refrain From the Misuse of Protected Persons and Objects to ShieldMilitary Objectives. Parties to a conflict must refrain from the misuse of civilians and otherprotected persons and objects to shield their own military objectives. 95 For example, it isprohibited to take hostages or otherwise to endanger deliberately protected persons or objects forthe purpose of deterring enemy military operations.Misusing protected persons and objects to shield military objectives also offends honorbecause it constitutes a breach of trust with the enemy and thus undermines respect for the law ofwar. 962.5.4 Misconceptions About Distinction. Distinction seeks to ensure that protected andunprotected categories are distinct from one another, not distinct in the abstract. For example,using camouflage is consistent with distinction because foliage is not a protected category and88 Refer to § 5.22 (Treachery or Perfidy Used to Kill or Wound).89 Refer to § 5.14.4 (Using Distinctive and Visible Signs to Identify Protected Persons and Objects as Such).90 Refer to § 4.6.4 (Having a Fixed Distinctive Sign Recognizable at a Distance); § 4.6.5 (Carrying Arms Openly).91 Refer to § 5.14 (Feasible Precautions to Reduce the Risk of Harm to Protected Persons and Objects by the PartySubject to Attack).92 Refer to § 5.14.2 (Removing Civilians and Civilian Objects From the Vicinity of Military Objectives).93 Refer to § 5.14.1 (Refraining From Placing Military Objectives in Densely Populated Areas).94 Refer to § 5.14.3 (Establishing Areas Where Civilians or the Wounded and Sick Are Protected).95 Refer to § 5.16 (Prohibition on Using Protected Persons and Objects to Shield, Favor, or Impede MilitaryOperations).96 Refer to § 2.6.2 (Certain Amount of Fairness in Offense and Defense).64