5cjxburmr

works of art or places of worship which constitute the cultural or spiritual heritage ofpeoples.” 477Because the definition of cultural property in the 1954 Hague Cultural PropertyConvention is different from the categories of property protected by other instruments, the scopeof objects being protected by each instrument is not the same (although there may be overlap).Nevertheless, the protections afforded cultural property by the 1954 Hague Cultural PropertyConvention are supplementary to those afforded by earlier treaties, although the distinctiveemblem for cultural property established in the 1954 Hague Cultural Property Convention is tobe used where appropriate instead of emblems established in earlier treaties. 4785.18.1.2 Movable or Immovable Property of Great Importance to the CulturalHeritage of Every People. Property must be “of great importance to the cultural heritage ofevery people” to qualify as cultural property. Ordinary property (such as churches or works ofart) that are not of great importance to the cultural heritage of every people would not qualify ascultural property, although such property may benefit from other protections, such as thoseafforded civilian objects or enemy property. 479The question of whether cultural property is “of great importance to the cultural heritageof every people” may involve delicate and somewhat subjective judgments. 480 Items that caneasily be replaced would not qualify as being of great importance. 481 On the other hand,irreplaceable items may be of great cultural importance, even if they have little monetaryvalue. 482 Cultural property may include, but is not limited to, the following types of property(provided the property is of great importance to the cultural heritage of every people):• monuments of architecture, art, or history, whether religious or secular; 483477 AP I art. 53.478 Refer to § 19.17.1 (Relationship Between the 1954 Hague Cultural Property Convention and Earlier Treaties).479 Refer to § 5.6.2 (Persons, Objects, and Locations That Are Protected From Being Made the Object of Attack);§ 5.17 (Seizure and Destruction of Enemy Property).480 See ROGERS, LAW ON THE BATTLEFIELD 90 (“It must be property of great importance to the cultural heritage ofevery people. This may involve delicate decisions about whether, for example, an original manuscript by a minorcomposer, say Spohr, was of great importance to the cultural heritage of every people, perhaps not. The situationwould be different if it were an original manuscript by one of the great composers, say Schubert.”).481 See JIRI TOMAN, CULTURAL PROPERTY IN WARTIME 50 (1996) (“Certain objects, although of limited value, maybe important for the national culture while others, even though of great value, can be replaced and are therefore lessimportant.”).482 For example, JIRI TOMAN, CULTURAL PROPERTY IN WARTIME 49-50 (1996) (“[A] papyrus reporting a marriagethat took place three thousand years ago, although it was of no intrinsic cultural value, was of very great culturalimportance because of the fact that it enabled an institution, on which no such ancient information existed, to bestudied.”) (internal quotation marks omitted).483 See also JIRI TOMAN, CULTURAL PROPERTY IN WARTIME 50-51 (1996) (“[W]orks of architecture, sculpture,specially designed to perpetuate the memory of a person, action, period, event or thing, or as buildings, structures,271