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7.15.4.2 Use by International Red Cross Organizations and Their DulyAuthorized Personnel. The international Red Cross organizations and their duly authorizedpersonnel shall be permitted to make use, at all times, of the emblem of the Red Cross on a whiteground. 4157.15.4.3 Use by Ambulances and Free Aid Stations. As an exceptional measure,in conformity with national legislation and with the express permission of one of the NationalRed Cross (Red Crescent, Red Lion and Sun) Societies, the emblem of the GWS may beemployed in time of peace to identify vehicles used as ambulances and to mark the position ofaid stations exclusively assigned to the purpose of giving free treatment to the wounded orsick. 4167.16 PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS WHO ARE WOUNDED, SICK, INFIRM, OR EXPECTANT MOTHERSWounded and sick civilians, as well as the infirm, and expectant mothers, shall be theobject of particular protection and respect. 417 The infirm and expectant mothers are given specialconsideration along with the wounded and sick because they are vulnerable and also do not takepart in hostilities. 4187.16.1 Obligation to Facilitate Efforts to Search for Civilians Who Are Wounded, Killed,Shipwrecked, or Exposed to Grave Danger. As far as military considerations allow, each partyto the conflict shall facilitate the steps taken to search for the killed and wounded, to assist theshipwrecked and other persons exposed to grave danger, and to protect them against pillage andill-treatment. 419The obligation with respect to civilians who are killed, wounded, shipwrecked, andexposed to grave danger is framed slightly differently from the corresponding obligation withrespect to military personnel who are wounded, sick, and shipwrecked. These differences maybe attributed to the fact that civilian authorities would often be responsible for collecting andbringing in civilian casualties. 420 However, as a practical matter, the armed forces may be asked415 GWS art. 44 (“The international Red Cross organizations and their duly authorized personnel shall be permittedto make use, at all times, of the emblem of the Red Cross on a white ground.”).416 GWS art. 44 (“As an exceptional measure, in conformity with national legislation and with the expresspermission of one of the National Red Cross (Red Crescent, Red Lion and Sun) Societies, the emblem of theConvention may be employed in time of peace to identify vehicles used as ambulances and to mark the position ofaid stations exclusively assigned to the purpose of giving free treatment to the wounded or sick.”).417 GC art. 16 (“The wounded and sick, as well as the infirm, and expectant mothers, shall be the object of particularprotection and respect.”).418 GC COMMENTARY 134-35 (“In addition to the wounded and sick the Diplomatic Conference mentions the infirmand also expectant mothers, as those persons are in a state of weakness which demands special consideration. Theirbeing placed on the same footing as the wounded and sick is fully justified by the fact that they belong to categoriesof the population which do not take part in hostilities.”).419 GC art. 16 (“As far as military considerations allow, each Party to the conflict shall facilitate the steps taken tosearch for the killed and wounded, to assist the shipwrecked and other persons exposed to grave danger, and toprotect them against pillage and ill-treatment.”).420 GC COMMENTARY 135 (“It is true that saving civilians is the responsibility of the civilian authorities rather thanof the military. That is why the wording of Article 16 (‘each Party to the conflict shall facilitate the steps’ …) is477