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13.11.3.7 Neutralization of Naval Mines. Anchored mines must become harmlessas soon as they have broken their moorings. 209 In particular, it is forbidden to lay anchoredautomatic contact mines that do not become harmless as soon as they have broken loose fromtheir moorings. 210Unanchored mines not otherwise affixed or imbedded on the ocean floor must becomeharmless within an hour after loss of control over them. 211 In particular, it is forbidden to layunanchored (i.e., free-floating) automatic contact mines, except when they are so constructed asto become harmless one hour at most after the person who laid them ceases to control them. 21213.11.4 Post-Conflict Naval Demining Obligations. The removal of naval mines at theend of the conflict may be the subject of specific agreements among States. 213At the close of a war to which Hague VIII is applicable, Parties to Hague VIII have anobligation to remove the naval mines that they had laid, each State removing its own mines. 214As regards anchored automatic contact mines laid by one of the belligerents off the coast of theother, their position must be notified to the other party by the State that laid them, and each Statemust proceed with the least possible delay to remove the mines in its own waters. 215with ships presently in North Vietnamese ports have already been notified that their ships will have three daylightperiods to leave in safety. After that time, the mines will become active and any ships attempting to leave or enterthese ports will do so at their own risk.”).209 2007 NWP 9.2.3 (“Anchored mines must become harmless as soon as they have broken their moorings.”); 1997NWP 9 9.2.3 (same); 1989 NWP 9 9.2.3 (same).210 HAGUE VIII art. 1 (“It is forbidden … 2. To lay anchored automatic contact mines which do not become harmlessas soon as they have broken loose from their moorings;”).211 2007 NWP 9.2.3 (“Unanchored mines not otherwise affixed or imbedded in the bottom must become harmlesswithin an hour after loss of control over them.”); 1997 NWP 9 9.2.3 (same); 1989 NWP 9 9.2.3 (same).212 HAGUE VIII art. 1 (“It is forbidden … 1. To lay unanchored automatic contact mines, except when they are soconstructed as to become harmless one hour at most after the person who laid them ceases to control them;”).213 For example, Protocol to the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam Concerning theRemoval, Permanent Deactivation, or Destruction of Mines in the Territorial Waters, Ports, Harbors, and Waterwaysof the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Jan. 27, 1973, 24 U.S.T. 1, art. 1 (“The United States shall clear all themines it has placed in the territorial waters, ports, harbors, and waterways of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.This mine clearing operation shall be accomplished by rendering the mines harmless through removal, permanentdeactivation, or destruction.”).214 HAGUE VIII art. 5 (“At the close of the war, the Contracting Powers undertake to do their utmost to remove themines which they had laid, each Power removing its own mines.”).215 HAGUE VIII art. 5 (“As regards anchored automatic contact mines laid by one of the belligerents off the coast ofthe other, their position must be notified to the other party by the Power which laid them, and each Power mustproceed with the least possible delay to remove the mines in its own waters.”).897