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objectives. 64This manual generally uses the phrase “object of attack” to convey the idea that the attackis being purposefully directed against that person or object.This manual generally uses the term “incidental harm” to refer to the death or injury tocivilians, or the destruction of or damage to civilian objects, that is incidentally (but potentiallyknowingly) caused as a collateral consequence of an attack directed against a militaryobjective. 655.5.2 Overview of Rules in Conducting Attacks. Parties to a conflict must conductattacks in accordance with the principles of distinction and proportionality. In particular, thefollowing rules must be observed:• Combatants may make military objectives the object of attack, but may not direct attacksagainst civilians, civilian objects, or other protected persons and objects. 66• Combatants must refrain from attacks in which the expected loss of life or injury tocivilians, and damage to civilian objects incidental to the attack, would be excessive inrelation to the concrete and direct military advantage expected to be gained. 67• Combatants must take feasible precautions in conducting attacks to reduce the risk ofharm to civilians and other protected persons and objects. 68• In conducting attacks, combatants must assess in good faith the information that isavailable to them. 69• Combatants may not kill or wound the enemy by resort to perfidy. 70• Specific rules apply to the use of certain types of weapons. 7164 See, e.g., United Kingdom, Statement on Ratification of AP I, Jan. 28, 1998, 2020 UNTS 75, 77 (“The firstsentence of paragraph 2 prohibits only such attacks as may be directed against non-military objectives; it does notdeal with the question of collateral damage resulting from attacks directed against military objectives.”); Canada,Statement on Ratification of AP I, Nov. 20, 1990, 1591 UNTS 462, 465 (“The first sentence of paragraph 2 of theArticle is not intended to, nor does it, deal with the question of incidental or collateral damage resulting from anattack directed against a military objective.”).65 Refer to § 5.12 (Proportionality in Conducting Attacks).66 Refer to § 5.6 (Discrimination in Conducting Attacks).67 Refer to § 5.12 (Proportionality in Conducting Attacks).68 Refer to § 5.11 (Feasible Precautions in Conducting Attacks to Reduce the Risk of Harm to Protected Persons andObjects).69 Refer to § 5.5.3 (Assessing Information in Conducting Attacks).70 Refer to § 5.22 (Treachery or Perfidy Used to Kill or Wound).71 Refer to § 6.5.1 (Certain Types of Weapons With Specific Rules on Use).195