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forces” are treated as a special category under the law of war. 211them as military medical and religious personnel.This manual generally refers toUnder certain circumstances, (1) the authorized staff of voluntary aid societies and (2) thestaff of a recognized aid society of a neutral country are treated like military medical andreligious personnel. 2124.9.1 Types of Military Medical and Religious Personnel. Military medical and religiouspersonnel include: (1) medical personnel exclusively engaged in the search for, or the collection,transport, or treatment of the wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease; (2) staffexclusively engaged in the administration of medical units and establishments; and (3) chaplainsattached to the armed forces. 2134.9.1.1 Medical Personnel Exclusively Engaged in Medical Duties. Medicalpersonnel exclusively engaged in the search for, or the collection, transport, or treatment of thewounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease include military physicians, dentists, nurses,orderlies, stretcher-bearers, and other persons belonging to the armed forces who give direct careto the wounded and sick. 214Persons who are exclusively engaged in the prevention of disease also qualify as militarymedical personnel. For example, veterinary personnel qualify for military medical status, if theyare exclusively engaged in providing health services for military personnel (e.g., performingfood safety inspections and ensuring that animal illnesses do not spread to humans). However,as a general matter, veterinary personnel would not qualify for military medical status based onbeing part of the veterinary service. 2154.9.1.2 Staff Exclusively Engaged in Support to Medical Units andEstablishments. In addition to persons directly engaged in medical duties, medical personnelalso include staff exclusively engaged in the administration of medical units and establishments.These persons also receive status as medical personnel provided that they are exclusivelyassigned to the Medical Service. 216 For example, Medical Service Corps personnel, and211 GWS art. 24.212 Refer to § 4.11 (Authorized Staff of Voluntary Aid Societies); § 4.12 (Staff of a Recognized Aid Society of aNeutral Country).213 GWS art. 24 (“Medical personnel exclusively engaged in the search for, or the collection, transport or treatmentof the wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, staff exclusively engaged in the administration of medicalunits and establishments, as well as chaplains attached to the armed forces, shall be respected and protected at alltimes.”).214 GWS COMMENTARY 218 (“Medical personnel proper. – These are the doctors, surgeons, dentists, chemists,orderlies, nurses, stretcher-bearers, etc., who give direct care to the wounded and sick.”).215 See GWS COMMENTARY 205 (“[GWS Article 22(4) of the GWS], which dates from 1929, was introduced at thesuggestion of the United States Delegation, which pointed out that veterinary personnel were attached to medicalunits in the American Army. A proposal, made by another delegation in 1929, to place the Veterinary Service onthe same footing as the Medical Service was, on the other hand, rejected.”).216 GWS COMMENTARY 219 (“These are persons who look after the administration of medical units andestablishments, without being directly concerned in the treatment of the wounded and sick. They include officestaff, ambulance drivers, cooks (male or female), cleaners, etc. Like the previous category, they form part of the130