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16.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................99416.2 Application of the Law of War to Cyber Operations ...............................................99616.3 Cyber Operations and Jus ad Bellum .......................................................................99816.4 Cyber Operations and the Law of Neutrality ...........................................................100216.5 Cyber Operations and Jus in Bello...........................................................................100316.6 Legal Review of Weapons That Employ Cyber Capabilities ..................................1008XVII – Non-International Armed Conflict (NIAC) ................................................................101017.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................101017.2 Application of International Law to NIACs ............................................................101517.3 Special Agreements Between Parties to the Conflict ..............................................102317.4 A State’s Use of Its Domestic Law and NIAC ........................................................102517.5 Principle of Distinction in NIAC .............................................................................102917.6 Respect and Humane Treatment of Persons Taking No Active Part inHostilities in NIAC ..............................................................................................103217.7 Rules on Conducting Attacks in NIAC ....................................................................103317.8 Impartial Humanitarian Organizations and Humanitarian Activities DuringNIAC ....................................................................................................................103517.9 Protection of the Civilian Population in NIAC ........................................................103517.10 Protection of Children in NIAC .............................................................................103717.11 Protection of Cultural Property in NIAC ...............................................................103817.12 Use of Captured or Surrendered Enemy Personnel in NIAC ................................103917.13 Weapons in NIAC ..................................................................................................104117.14 Protection of the Wounded, Sick, Shipwrecked, and Dead in NIAC ....................104217.15 Protection of Medical and Religious Personnel and Medical Transports inNIAC ....................................................................................................................104417.16 Display of the Distinctive Emblem in NIAC .........................................................104517.17 Detention in NIAC .................................................................................................104617.18 Non-Intervention and Neutral Duties in NIAC ......................................................1047XVIII – Implementation and Enforcement of the Law of War .............................................105218.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................105218.2 Prudential Reasons Supporting the Implementation and Enforcement of theLaw of War ..........................................................................................................105518.3 Duties of Individual Members of the Armed Forces ...............................................105718.4 Commanders’ Duty to Implement and Enforce the Law of War .............................105918.5 Role of Judge Advocates and Legal Advisers .........................................................106118.6 Dissemination, Study, and Other Measures to Facilitate Understanding ofDuties Under the Law of War ..............................................................................106318.7 Instructions, Regulations, and Procedures to Implement and Enforce the Lawof War ..................................................................................................................106618.8 Considering Law of War Obligations in the Planning of Military Operations ........106918.9 States’ Obligations With Respect to Violations of the Law of War ........................107018.10 Methods for Responding to Violations of the Law of War by the Enemy ............1077xv