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Immovable cultural property of very great importance adjacent to a military objectivemay retain its special protection status provided, in the event of armed conflict, all use of themilitary objective ceases. 552 For example, if the military objective in question is an airport, portfacility, or railway station or marshaling yards, all activity must cease, and military traffic mustbe diverted, in order for the site to maintain its protected status.A refuge for storing and protecting movable cultural property may also be placed underspecial protection, whatever its location, if it is so constructed that, in all probability, it will notbe damaged by bombs. 5535.18.8.2 Conditions for the Granting of Special Protection – No Use for MilitaryPurposes. A “center containing monuments” 554 shall be deemed to be used for military purposeswhenever it is used for the movement of military personnel or material, even in transit. Thesame shall apply whenever activities directly connected with military operations, the stationingof military personnel, or the production of war material are carried on within the center. 555The guarding of cultural property under special protection by armed custodians speciallyempowered to do so, or the presence, in the vicinity of such cultural property, of police forcesnormally responsible for the maintenance of public order, however, shall not be deemed to beuse for military purposes. 556 Such activities may fulfill the obligation to safeguard culturalproperty, especially against looters. 557 Employment of law enforcement personnel to protectcultural property is analogous to activities of armed military medical personnel deployed in andaround military medical units and facilities in order to provide security from criminal acts. 558552 1954 HAGUE CULTURAL PROPERTY CONVENTION art. 8(5) (“If any cultural property mentioned in paragraph 1 ofthe present Article is situated near an important military objective as defined in the said paragraph, it maynevertheless be placed under special protection if the High Contracting Party asking for that protection undertakes,in the event of armed conflict, to make no use of the objective and particularly, in the case of a port, railway stationor aerodrome, to divert all traffic therefrom. In that event, such diversion shall be prepared in time of peace.”).553 1954 HAGUE CULTURAL PROPERTY CONVENTION art. 8(2) (“A refuge for movable cultural property may also beplaced under special protection, whatever its location, if it is so constructed that, in all probability, it will not bedamaged by bombs.”).554 Refer to § 5.18.1.4 (Centers Containing Monuments).555 1954 HAGUE CULTURAL PROPERTY CONVENTION art. 8(3) (“A centre containing monuments shall be deemed tobe used for military purposes whenever it is used for the movement of military personnel or material, even in transit.The same shall apply whenever activities directly connected with military operations, the stationing of militarypersonnel, or the production of war material are carried on within the centre.”).556 1954 HAGUE CULTURAL PROPERTY CONVENTION art. 8(4) (“The guarding of cultural property mentioned inparagraph 1 above by armed custodians specially empowered to do so, or the presence, in the vicinity of suchcultural property, of police forces normally responsible for the maintenance of public order shall not be deemed tobe used for military purposes.”). Compare § 4.23.1 (Police as Civilians).557 Refer to § 5.18.6.1 (Obligation to Stop or Prevent Theft, Pillage, or Misappropriation of, and Acts of VandalismAgainst, Cultural Property).558 Refer to § 7.10.3.5 (Use of Weapons in Self-Defense or Defense of the Wounded and Sick).283