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7.18.1 Protection of Civilian Hospital Convoys on the Same Basis as That of CivilianHospitals. The protection to which these convoys are entitled shall not cease unless they areused to commit, outside their humanitarian duties, acts harmful to the enemy. 444As with civilian hospitals, medical convoys must maintain a strict abstention from anydirect or indirect participation in a hostile act in order to retain protection. 445 However, the factthat sick or wounded members of the armed forces are transported by these convoys, or thepresence of small arms and ammunition taken from such combatants and not yet handed to theproper service, shall not be considered acts harmful to the enemy. 446In addition, protection for civilian medical convoys may cease only after due warning hasbeen given, naming, in all appropriate cases, a reasonable time limit, and after such warning hasremained unheeded. 4477.19 CIVILIAN MEDICAL AIRCRAFTAircraft exclusively employed for the removal of wounded and sick civilians, the infirm,and maternity cases, or for the transport of medical personnel and equipment, shall not beattacked, but shall be respected while flying at heights, times, and on routes specifically agreedupon between all the parties to the conflict concerned. 4487.19.1 Civilian Medical Aircraft Not Flying at Heights and Times and on RoutesSpecifically Agreed Upon by Belligerents Concerned. As with medical aircraft for militarypersonnel, the use of protected medical aircraft for civilians generally depends on an agreementbetween the belligerents. 449However, as with medical aircraft for military personnel, known civilian medical aircraft,when performing their humanitarian functions, must be respected and protected, provided theyidentify themselves as such and comply with the directions of the enemy State. 450occasionally and temporarily, provided, of course, that while so employed it is not used for any other purpose. Amedical convoy composed of horse drawn vehicles normally used for transporting agricultural produce andoccasionally used in the service of the wounded, must, therefore, be protected in the same way as a convoy ofspecially designed ambulances.”).444 Compare § 7.17.1 (Loss of Protection for Civilian Hospitals Used to Commit Acts Harmful to the Enemy).445 GC COMMENTARY 171 (“As in the case of civilian hospitals and their staff, the protection of medical transportdepends on strict abstention from any direct or indirect participation in a hostile act.”).446 Compare § 7.17.1.1 (Acts Harmful to the Enemy).447 Compare § 7.17.1.2 (Due Warning Before Cessation of Protection).448 GC art. 22 (“Aircraft exclusively employed for the removal of wounded and sick civilians, the infirm andmaternity cases, or for the transport of medical personnel and equipment, shall not be attacked, but shall berespected while flying at heights, times and on routes specifically agreed upon between all the Parties to the conflictconcerned.”).449 Refer to § 7.14 (Military Medical Aircraft).450 Refer to § 7.14.1 (Medical Aircraft Not Flying at Heights and Times and on Routes Specifically Agreed Upon byBelligerents Concerned).482