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• military medical units and facilities; 282• ground medical transports; 283• hospital ships and sick-bays in warships; 284• civilian hospitals; 285 and• civilian hospital convoys. 2865.11.1.1 Effective Advance Warning. There is no set form for warnings.Warnings may be general, communicated to the national leadership of the enemy State, ordelivered to the civilian population through military information support operations (such asbroadcast or leaflets) advising the civilian population of risk of injury if they remain nearmilitary objectives. Giving the specific time and place of an attack is not required. 287Warnings have been used by U.S. forces conducting bombardments in many conflicts,such as World War II, 288 the Korean War, 289 the 2003 Iraq War, 290 and the armed conflict againstal-Qaida, the Taliban, and associated forces. 291282 Refer to § 7.10.3.2 (Due Warning Before Cessation of Protection).283 Refer to § 7.11.1 (Protection of Ground Medical Transports on the Same Basis as That of Medical Units).284 Refer to § 7.12.6.1 (Due Warning Before Cessation of Protection).285 Refer to § 7.17.1.2 (Due Warning Before Cessation of Protection).286 Refer to § 7.18.1 (Protection of Civilian Hospital Convoys on the Same Basis as That of Civilian Hospitals).287 U.S. Comments on the International Committee of the Red Cross’s Memorandum on the Applicability ofInternational Humanitarian Law in the Gulf Region, Jan. 11, 1991, DIGEST OF UNITED STATES PRACTICE ININTERNATIONAL LAW 1991-1999 2057, 2064 (“A warning need not be specific. It may be a blanket warning,delivered by leaflets and/or radio, advising the civilian population of an enemy nation to avoid remaining inproximity to military objectives.”).288 For example, SPAIGHT, AIR POWER AND WAR RIGHTS 242 (“An hour and a half before the Skoda armamentworks at Pilsen in Czechoslovakia were attacked by Flying Fortresses of the 8th U.S.A.A.F. on 25 April, 1945,Supreme Allied Headquarters broadcast the following warning: ‘Allied bombers are out in great strength to-day.Their destination may be the Skoda works. Skoda workers get out and stay out until the afternoon.’”); SPAIGHT, AIRPOWER AND WAR RIGHTS 243 (“Before objectives in the French town of Annecy were bombed on the night of 9May, 1944, the alert was sounded by an Allied plane equipped with a siren. It cruised over the town for twentyminutes before the first bombers arrived, with the result that the inhabitants had time to seek shelter and only thosewho disregarded the warning were injured.”).289 For example, Report of the United Nations Command Operations in Korea for the Period 1-15 July 1952,enclosure to Note Dated 8 October 1952 From the Representative of the United States Addressed to the Secretary-General Transmitting the Forty-Ninth Report of the United Nations Command Operations in Korea in Accordancewith the Security Council Resolution of 7 July 1950 (S/1588 ), U.N. Doc. S/2805 (Oct. 9, 1952) (“For approximatelyone month prior to the raid on Pyongyang and other main supply targets, the United Nations Command aircraft haddropped leaflets warning civilians to stay away from military targets. Immediately after the strikes more leafletswere dropped telling civilians to beware of delayed action bombs and to stay away from bomb craters. Everyprecaution was taken to attack only military targets and to prevent injury to non-combatants. … In consonance withthe United Nations policy of taking every possible step both to restore peace and to prevent needless loss of life,United Nations Command leaflets and radio broadcasts are being used continually to warn civilians in enemy-238