Université de Montréal - Thèse sous forme numérique

115Par exemple, les règles de sous-catégorisation indiquent que le verbe« manger » requiert deux arguments, et les restrictions sélectionnelles amènentl‘information selon laquelle le premier de ces arguments peut être humain ouanimal et que le second doit être un nom inanimé et concret (MANGER [N 0humain + animal, N 1 inanimé concret]) (Le Pesant & Colas, 1998). Dans le casdu verbe « manger », les règles du modèle Chomksyen permettent de juger unephrase telle que « j‘ai mangé deux sentiments » comme aberrante, mais ellesn‘empêchent pas « j‘ai mangé deux armoires » d‘être jugée cohérente.Later, other linguists, like Fillmore (1968), questioned the autonomy of syntaxand argued instead that semantics motivates syntactic phenomena and not the other wayround (i.e. the deep structure of sentences is ruled by semantics and not syntax). In atruly Tesnièrian approach, Fillmore sees the predication of the verb spread overarguments (see second tree in Figure 16) which correspond to deep cases required bythe verb (or by the predicative unit, in general). The author defines ―cases‖ as follows(1968: 46):The case notions comprise a set of universal, presumably innate, conceptswhich identify certain types of judgements which human beings are capable ofmaking on the events that are going on around them, judgements on suchmatters as who did it, who it happened to, what got changed, etc. The cases thatappear to be needed include: Agentive […] Instrumental […,] Dative […]Factitive […] Locative […] Objective […]This theory is developed in Fillmore‘s well-known paper ―The Case for Case‖(1968), in which he proposes a grammar to describe ‗case‘ relationships – the CaseGrammar. In Case Grammar, a case frame, i.e. ―the case elements which the sentenceprovides‖ (Fillmore 1968: 49), describes important aspects of semantic valency. By wayof an example, consider the following sentence with the verb to give:[1] Mary gave Pete the apples.The verb to give is inserted into the frame [A + O + D] because it requiresobligatorily three arguments (or ―frame features‖): an Agentive (Mary), an Objective