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xxGibt es eine andere Sprache, in der es für Warten und Hoffen nur ein Vokabel gibt wieesperar im Portugiesischen? Warten und Hoffen – hinter diesen zwei Worten verbirgt sichdie portugiesische Einstellung zum Leben (Marco Polo-Lissabon, 5).–esperar […] 1. v/t erwarten; fig auflautern (dat);2. v/t warten (por auf ac); hoffen (por auf ac)(Lang.-Twb. Port.-Dt./Dt.-Port. 2001)(cited in Wiegand 2005: 17)Adaptation:Is there any other language in which to wait and to hope for correspond to one word only,such as esperar in Portuguese? Waiting and hoping – the Portuguese attitude towards life ishidden behind these two words (Marco Polo-Lisbon).esperar: […] 1. to hope for […];2. to wait (for) […];3. to look forward to […];4. to suppose […];5. to conjecture […];6. to count on […];7. to have hope […].(Michaelis online 2012)« Quem espera, sempre alcança. »―Time brings everything to those who can wait for it.‖
1. IntroductionThis research studies the equivalence relationship between specialized verbs that occur in acorpus of judgments produced by Portuguese and Canadian judges. By focussing on thisspecific genre of texts as well as on the Portuguese-English language pair, this study aimsat contributing to a better understanding of terminological equivalence at the same time thatit extends on previous work that has approached specialized verbs within a single language(L‘Homme 1998; Lorente 2000; Lerat 2002a; Costa and Silva 2004; Alves et al. 2005; DeVecchi and Eustachy 2008). Specifically, the study proposes a novel methodology todescribe specialized verbs and to assign their equivalents based on the theoretical model ofFrame Semantics (Fillmore 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985; Fillmore and Atkins 1992) and itsapplication FrameNet (Ruppenhofer et al. 2010). The criteria for the assignment andvalidation of specialized verb equivalents that are presented in the research can be usefulfor the development of multilingual terminography, in general, for the development of legalterminography, in particular, as well as for the teaching and practice of specializedtranslation and terminology.1.1. Statement of the problemIt is now a commonplace that translators have to work well and fast in a globalized worldand that more and more often legal information has to be translated as a consequence of theincreasing transnational cooperation. The translation of legal texts is particularlychallenging because legal systems may differ from one linguistic community to another andeven from one country to another because each has its own history and traditions (Gémar2008). The creation of multilingual terminological resources, in general, and the creation ofmultilingual specialized lexical resources covering the specialized field of the law, inparticular, raises the problem of linking lexical information from different languagesbecause legal terminologies are said to be anisomorphic, i.e. the semantic scope of termsdiffers.
Page 3 and 4: Université de MontréalFaculté de
Page 5 and 6: iiiframework to the compilation of
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Page 9 and 10: vii2.3.1. The theory of classes of
Page 12 and 13: x5.3.1. Full equivalents ..........
Page 14: xiiTable 23. The frame [Proof] grou
Page 19 and 20: xviiTypographical conventionsTerms:
Page 21: xixTo my parents, Fátima and João
Page 25 and 26: 3translator can understand the mean
Page 27 and 28: 5theoretical frameworks that have b
Page 29 and 30: 2. The state of the artIn order to
Page 31 and 32: 9terminology of Canadian and Portug
Page 33 and 34: 11Translation:Legal discourse is in
Page 35 and 36: 13possible? The question of transla
Page 37 and 38: 152.1.2. GenresAccording to Gémar
Page 39 and 40: 17Genre studies are consensual in d
Page 41 and 42: 19Figure 1. Typology of legal texts
Page 43 and 44: 21the two typologies. For example,
Page 45 and 46: 23In Canada as in Portugal, dispute
Page 47 and 48: 25judgments. He argues that knowled
Page 49 and 50: 27Maingueneau (2004) for whom build
Page 51 and 52: 29find equivalents in a systematic
Page 53 and 54: 31(2005) and most recently in Adams
Page 55 and 56: 33the langue-related concept of equ
Page 57 and 58: 352.2.1.2. Concepts and designation
Page 59 and 60: 37in Hartmann and James (1998: 51)
Page 61 and 62: 392.2.1.4. Semantic content and col
Page 63 and 64: 41―Vocabulary type‖ refers to r
Page 65 and 66: 43A concept can only be understood
Page 67 and 68: 45assistance to identify and valida
Page 69 and 70: 47(intertextual). Cop (1991: 2776)
Page 71 and 72: 49Functional equivalenceZgusta (198
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51particular purpose in mind: ―Ä
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53Table 2. Anisomorphism: example o
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55in such a way that they are compo
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572.2.3. Qualitative and quantitati
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59be cases of full equivalence with
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Graphicalrepresentation of therelat
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63For instance, in Figure 10 saudad
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65Another example of insufficient c
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67appears and then skims texts in t
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69equivalents but she also maintain
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71defined by taking into account th
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73Among these studies, some contrib
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75other words or sequences of words
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77The third type of verbs, i.e. pol
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79author applied to the selection o
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81represent synonymy, antonymy, nom
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83contexts, but also a hyperlink ca
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85The typology of verbs appearing i
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87Phraseological verbs are predicat
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89temperature rises; the air circul
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91examples, they state that discurs
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93Another problem with this represe
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95connective verbs are simple verbs
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97different. The criteria designed
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99to show the mismatch that occurs
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101content from the perspective of
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103mesma quantia global, de 6151000
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105entities with authority to trans
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107Nevertheless, Pimentel and L‘H
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109In 1995, L‘Homme proposes a me
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111these reasons, we believe it rem
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113But in order to understand Frame
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115Par exemple, les règles de sous
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117the nature of language‖, that
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119This kind of understanding by th
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121Firstly, according to him, seman
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123exchanging the goods for money (
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125As mentioned in the previous sec
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127Quarreling:(3, 9) the participan
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129corresponds to a semantic type w
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131Figure 21. Lexical entry report
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133parent frame. The frame [Quarrel
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1353.2.2.2. Environmental ScienceAn
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137Figure 23. The Coastal Engineeri
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139Spanish terms that are reported
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141the FrameNet methodology will be
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143Agnoloni et al. (2010). Followin
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145scenes: ―Whereas a scene is de
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Table 9. Confirming cross-linguisti
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149Table 10. Summary of the annotat
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151Contrary to the FrameNet approac
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153Also, in an article entitled ―
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155support for the characterization
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157period in which the texts were w
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159for Brazilian Portuguese). The E
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161case. In its written form, an ac
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163Table 14. Beginning of the thema
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165The decisão is the final sectio
Page 189 and 190:
167In order to identify the content
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1694.1.3.3. ExpertsAll authors of t
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171The ―Introduction‖ states th
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173favourable decisions are quite s
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1754.1.4.1. FunctionPortuguese and
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177semble impliquer qu‘ils doiven
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179Figure 24. Bottom-up approach4.3
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181Despite this word of caution, we
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183evokes the last stage of the cri
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185Finally, some candidate terms we
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187Due to the differences in the nu
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189making an oral agreement. In thi
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191is a substantially higher one th
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193concur 1L'Heureux-Dubé J. disse
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195Although the occurrences of the
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197[Constitutionality]infringe 1 ,
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199Table 18. comply 1 , infringe 1
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201have the same number and type of
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203< FE nom="">< FE nom="">vtFigure
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205After hearing his alibi evidence
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207declarar 1Como é sabido, o Trib
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209Sometimes the target term shares
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211FEs that correspond to prepositi
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213the hearing judgeFigure 40. Anno
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215the indication of the reference.
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217the first meaning was related to
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219cumprir 1 ; 2) exceed 1 and viol
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221the semantic nature of the terms
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Portuguese223Agency, authority, BNS
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2255.1.1. Portuguese termsCandidate
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2276. Ambiguity between the past pa
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229a legal genre set out in the fir
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231as Prata (2005) and Prata et al.
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2331. Ambiguity between the past fo
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235(section 5.1.1.2.1); the second
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237corpus, the action of adducing i
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239draw some considerations on the
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241extraction of Portuguese terms b
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243The second half of the frame des
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Portuguese245artigo, lei, lei pream
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247We can observe that both terms e
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249the core FEs correspond to the a
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251resolve 1[1] This Court can reso
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253are not responsible for applying
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255Table 27. Linguistic realization
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263Table 33 illustrates that the se
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265Tabela 35. Linguistic realizatio
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267LAW and ISSUE. For all these rea
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PortugueseEnglsih269Table 36. amend
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271The application of the aforement
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273propugnar 1Por último, na conte
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PortugueseEnglish275Table 37. The f
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277The following pairs of verbs are
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279This frame groups together one E
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281The scenario includes two core F
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PortugueseEnglish283For instance, a
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285Translation:* Este Tribunal pode
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English287Table 42. The [Order] fra
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289considered candidate equivalents
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291Supreme Court judgments not only
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293Figure 45. Alphabetical list of
Page 317 and 318:
295As in DiCoInfo (L‘Homme 2008),
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297the term dismiss 1 the actantial
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299In the annotated contexts (Figur
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301expression in sentences containi
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303Finally, as the task of annotati
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305The study started with the revie
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307As the research specifically aim
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309study: a larger amount of terms;
Page 333 and 334:
311Atkins, S. and M. Rundell (2008)
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313Carreno, I. (2005). Analyse de l
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315Devinat, M. (2005). La règle pr
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317Fontenelle, T. (2000). ―A Bili
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319Gross, G. and F. Guenthner (2002
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321L‘Homme, M.-C. (2003). ―Capt
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323McEnery, A. and Z. Xiao (2007).
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325Reimerink, A. and P. Faber. (200
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327Searle, J. (1983). Intentionalit
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329Terminologiewissenschaft = Langu
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IIDecisão Texto Integral:Acordam n
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IVAppendix 2. Indexing terms of the
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Appendix 3. A Canadian judgmentVISU
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VIIIof stolen property from six to
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Appendix 4. Indexing terms of the C
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XIIAppendix 6. Partial list of Engl
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XIVFrame and definition Core Frame
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XVIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XVIIIFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXFrame and definition Core Frame E
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XXIIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXIVFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXVIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXVIIIFrame and definition Core Fra
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XXXFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXXIIFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXXIVFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXXVIAppendix 8. Partial list of th
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XXXVIIIargue 1 [Argumentation]Charg
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XLdeem 1 [Judging]Irregularity Core
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XLIIManner Non-core impugn 1 [Conte
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XLIVRight Core assert 3 [Right]Text
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Appendix 10. List of common indirec
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Appendix 11. Data validationXLVIIIV
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Appendix 12. Eliminated candidate t
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Appendix 14. List of Portuguese ter
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48. exercer 2 [Disagreement] exerce
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Appendix 15. List of English termsL
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estipular 1 , prescrever 154. grant
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Appendix 16. List of frames groupin
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LXII37. declarar 1 , state 1 [Argum
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