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20The author argues that the language of the law is to be distinguished from othertypes of legal language, as, for example, the language used in the courtroom, thelanguage of legal textbooks, the language used to talk about the law in a formal as wellas in an informal setting. According to this hypothesis, legislation, contracts and deedsare text genres that fit in a category other than the category to which judgments belong.Reasons for the differences between these kinds of texts reside in the socio-pragmaticaspects underlying the notion of genre. For instance, legislative texts (acts, statutes,bills) have higher regulative functions than deeds. Doctrinal texts (legal textbooks) haveno regulative function, but rather an informative one. Judicial texts (judgments, orders,decisions) have verdictive functions (e.g. to acquit, to convict) which consist in ―thedelivering of a finding, official or unofficial, upon evidence or reasons as to value orfact, so far as these are distinguishable‖ (Austin, 1962: 152 (cited by Trosborg 1995)).More recently, legal discourse has been classified by taking into account thelegal and linguistic system in which it is produced. Orts Llopis (2009) proposes thefollowing classification of legal genres in the Common Law (Figure 3). According tothe author, there are three types of written legal discourse that are related to theconceptual organization of the subject field of law: discourse on public law, discourseon private law and the discourse of doctrine and jurisprudence. Some text genres aretypical of a given type of discourse and may only be produced in that context forpragmatic reasons related to the conceptualization of the subject field. For example,wills are a private legal instrument that cannot be enacted as statutes can. They can thusbe said to be separate legal genres.This kind of classification of legal genres is interesting because it is based on thelegal system in which they are produced and, as a result, it allows one to identifydifferences in legal genres typologies across nations. The same author also presents aclassification of legal genres used in Civil Law Spain and identifies differences between
21the two typologies. For example, public law in Spain is not divided into ―unenacted‖and ―enacted‖ law. Legal genres used in this type of discourse are: códigos (Eng.statutes), leyes parlamentarias (Eng. enactments), legislación delegada (Eng. delegatedlegislation) and jurisprudencia o sentencias (Eng. judgments).Figure 3. Legal genres in Common Law (Orts Llopis 2009)2.1.2.3. JudgmentsJudgments are one among many legal genres. If one considers Engberg‘s classification,judgments are both normative and performative texts (Figure 1). If one considersTrosborg‘s classification (Figure 2) judgments can be said to correspond to the broadcategory of ―the language of the courtroom‖ and more specifically to ―judges declaringlaw‖. If one considers Orts Llopis classification (2009), Common Law and Civil Law
Page 3 and 4: Université de MontréalFaculté de
Page 5 and 6: iiiframework to the compilation of
Page 7 and 8: vd‘autres contributions ayant dé
Page 9 and 10: vii2.3.1. The theory of classes of
Page 12 and 13: x5.3.1. Full equivalents ..........
Page 14: xiiTable 23. The frame [Proof] grou
Page 19 and 20: xviiTypographical conventionsTerms:
Page 21 and 22: xixTo my parents, Fátima and João
Page 23 and 24: 1. IntroductionThis research studie
Page 25 and 26: 3translator can understand the mean
Page 27 and 28: 5theoretical frameworks that have b
Page 29 and 30: 2. The state of the artIn order to
Page 31 and 32: 9terminology of Canadian and Portug
Page 33 and 34: 11Translation:Legal discourse is in
Page 35 and 36: 13possible? The question of transla
Page 37 and 38: 152.1.2. GenresAccording to Gémar
Page 39 and 40: 17Genre studies are consensual in d
Page 41: 19Figure 1. Typology of legal texts
Page 45 and 46: 23In Canada as in Portugal, dispute
Page 47 and 48: 25judgments. He argues that knowled
Page 49 and 50: 27Maingueneau (2004) for whom build
Page 51 and 52: 29find equivalents in a systematic
Page 53 and 54: 31(2005) and most recently in Adams
Page 55 and 56: 33the langue-related concept of equ
Page 57 and 58: 352.2.1.2. Concepts and designation
Page 59 and 60: 37in Hartmann and James (1998: 51)
Page 61 and 62: 392.2.1.4. Semantic content and col
Page 63 and 64: 41―Vocabulary type‖ refers to r
Page 65 and 66: 43A concept can only be understood
Page 67 and 68: 45assistance to identify and valida
Page 69 and 70: 47(intertextual). Cop (1991: 2776)
Page 71 and 72: 49Functional equivalenceZgusta (198
Page 73 and 74: 51particular purpose in mind: ―Ä
Page 75 and 76: 53Table 2. Anisomorphism: example o
Page 77 and 78: 55in such a way that they are compo
Page 79 and 80: 572.2.3. Qualitative and quantitati
Page 81 and 82: 59be cases of full equivalence with
Page 83 and 84: Graphicalrepresentation of therelat
Page 85 and 86: 63For instance, in Figure 10 saudad
Page 87 and 88: 65Another example of insufficient c
Page 89 and 90: 67appears and then skims texts in t
Page 91 and 92: 69equivalents but she also maintain
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71defined by taking into account th
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73Among these studies, some contrib
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75other words or sequences of words
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77The third type of verbs, i.e. pol
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79author applied to the selection o
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81represent synonymy, antonymy, nom
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83contexts, but also a hyperlink ca
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85The typology of verbs appearing i
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87Phraseological verbs are predicat
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89temperature rises; the air circul
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91examples, they state that discurs
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93Another problem with this represe
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95connective verbs are simple verbs
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97different. The criteria designed
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99to show the mismatch that occurs
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101content from the perspective of
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103mesma quantia global, de 6151000
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105entities with authority to trans
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107Nevertheless, Pimentel and L‘H
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109In 1995, L‘Homme proposes a me
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111these reasons, we believe it rem
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113But in order to understand Frame
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115Par exemple, les règles de sous
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117the nature of language‖, that
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119This kind of understanding by th
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121Firstly, according to him, seman
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123exchanging the goods for money (
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125As mentioned in the previous sec
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127Quarreling:(3, 9) the participan
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129corresponds to a semantic type w
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131Figure 21. Lexical entry report
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133parent frame. The frame [Quarrel
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1353.2.2.2. Environmental ScienceAn
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137Figure 23. The Coastal Engineeri
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139Spanish terms that are reported
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141the FrameNet methodology will be
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143Agnoloni et al. (2010). Followin
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145scenes: ―Whereas a scene is de
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Table 9. Confirming cross-linguisti
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149Table 10. Summary of the annotat
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151Contrary to the FrameNet approac
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153Also, in an article entitled ―
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155support for the characterization
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157period in which the texts were w
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159for Brazilian Portuguese). The E
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161case. In its written form, an ac
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163Table 14. Beginning of the thema
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165The decisão is the final sectio
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167In order to identify the content
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1694.1.3.3. ExpertsAll authors of t
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171The ―Introduction‖ states th
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173favourable decisions are quite s
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1754.1.4.1. FunctionPortuguese and
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177semble impliquer qu‘ils doiven
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179Figure 24. Bottom-up approach4.3
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181Despite this word of caution, we
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183evokes the last stage of the cri
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185Finally, some candidate terms we
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187Due to the differences in the nu
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189making an oral agreement. In thi
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191is a substantially higher one th
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193concur 1L'Heureux-Dubé J. disse
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195Although the occurrences of the
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197[Constitutionality]infringe 1 ,
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199Table 18. comply 1 , infringe 1
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201have the same number and type of
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203< FE nom="">< FE nom="">vtFigure
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205After hearing his alibi evidence
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207declarar 1Como é sabido, o Trib
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209Sometimes the target term shares
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211FEs that correspond to prepositi
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213the hearing judgeFigure 40. Anno
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215the indication of the reference.
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217the first meaning was related to
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219cumprir 1 ; 2) exceed 1 and viol
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221the semantic nature of the terms
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Portuguese223Agency, authority, BNS
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2255.1.1. Portuguese termsCandidate
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2276. Ambiguity between the past pa
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229a legal genre set out in the fir
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231as Prata (2005) and Prata et al.
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2331. Ambiguity between the past fo
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235(section 5.1.1.2.1); the second
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237corpus, the action of adducing i
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239draw some considerations on the
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241extraction of Portuguese terms b
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243The second half of the frame des
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Portuguese245artigo, lei, lei pream
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247We can observe that both terms e
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249the core FEs correspond to the a
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251resolve 1[1] This Court can reso
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253are not responsible for applying
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255Table 27. Linguistic realization
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263Table 33 illustrates that the se
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265Tabela 35. Linguistic realizatio
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267LAW and ISSUE. For all these rea
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PortugueseEnglsih269Table 36. amend
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271The application of the aforement
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273propugnar 1Por último, na conte
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PortugueseEnglish275Table 37. The f
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277The following pairs of verbs are
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279This frame groups together one E
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281The scenario includes two core F
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PortugueseEnglish283For instance, a
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285Translation:* Este Tribunal pode
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English287Table 42. The [Order] fra
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289considered candidate equivalents
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291Supreme Court judgments not only
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293Figure 45. Alphabetical list of
Page 317 and 318:
295As in DiCoInfo (L‘Homme 2008),
Page 319 and 320:
297the term dismiss 1 the actantial
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299In the annotated contexts (Figur
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301expression in sentences containi
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303Finally, as the task of annotati
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305The study started with the revie
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307As the research specifically aim
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309study: a larger amount of terms;
Page 333 and 334:
311Atkins, S. and M. Rundell (2008)
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313Carreno, I. (2005). Analyse de l
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315Devinat, M. (2005). La règle pr
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317Fontenelle, T. (2000). ―A Bili
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319Gross, G. and F. Guenthner (2002
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321L‘Homme, M.-C. (2003). ―Capt
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323McEnery, A. and Z. Xiao (2007).
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325Reimerink, A. and P. Faber. (200
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327Searle, J. (1983). Intentionalit
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329Terminologiewissenschaft = Langu
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IIDecisão Texto Integral:Acordam n
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IVAppendix 2. Indexing terms of the
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Appendix 3. A Canadian judgmentVISU
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VIIIof stolen property from six to
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Appendix 4. Indexing terms of the C
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XIIAppendix 6. Partial list of Engl
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XIVFrame and definition Core Frame
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XVIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XVIIIFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXFrame and definition Core Frame E
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XXIIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXIVFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXVIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXVIIIFrame and definition Core Fra
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XXXFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXXIIFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXXIVFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXXVIAppendix 8. Partial list of th
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XXXVIIIargue 1 [Argumentation]Charg
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XLdeem 1 [Judging]Irregularity Core
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XLIIManner Non-core impugn 1 [Conte
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XLIVRight Core assert 3 [Right]Text
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Appendix 10. List of common indirec
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Appendix 11. Data validationXLVIIIV
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Appendix 12. Eliminated candidate t
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Appendix 14. List of Portuguese ter
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48. exercer 2 [Disagreement] exerce
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Appendix 15. List of English termsL
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estipular 1 , prescrever 154. grant
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Appendix 16. List of frames groupin
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LXII37. declarar 1 , state 1 [Argum
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