Université de Montréal - Thèse sous forme numérique

128LU is validated for frame distinction following the steps mentioned above. Finally,lexicographers begin the description of each LU by annotating sentences extracted fromthe British National Corpus (BNC).3.2.1.2. Annotation reportsThe annotation of the LUs is organized in different layers: 1) target word; 2) frameelement labels (FE); 3) grammatical function labels (GF), and 4) phrase type labels(PT). FEs are tagged with labels which are chosen to specifically describe theparticipants of each frame. The names of the FEs can be either frame-specific (e.g.Perceiver-active) or very general (e.g. Agent). Examples of grammatical function labelsare: ‗Ext‘ (External), ‗Obj‘ (Object), ‗Comp‘ (Complement), etc. Finally, examples ofphrase type labels include: N (Noun), NP (Noun Phrase), Poss (Possessive), PP(Prepositional Phrase).Throughout the annotation of contexts the lexicographer may realize that theframe also has optional frame elements, i.e. FEs that do not conceptually belong to theframes they appear in. For instance, the LU argue (v.) can be accompanied by modifierssuch as loudly or amicably (as in argue loudly or argue amicably). Optional FEs arecalled ―non-core frame elements‖ (henceforth non-core FEs). The annotation report ofthe LU argue indicates all types of participants in the frame (Figure 19).Non-core FEs are subdivided into ―extra-thematic‖ and ―peripheral‖. PeripheralFEs can situate events in space (e.g. PLACE) and in time (e.g. TIME), they can describehow the event takes place (e.g. MANNER) and they only introduce events if these arepart of the frame. In contrast, extra-thematic FEs introduce new events (other frames)against which the main event is situated (e.g. DEPICTIVE and FREQUENCY). Some FEscan be further specified with ontological semantic types. Sentient, for example,