Université de Montréal - Thèse sous forme numérique

256Example [1] illustrates that the ARGUER is typically the external argument of theverbs grouped together into the frames of [Argumentation], [Argumentation basis],[Contesting], [Proof] and [Evidence]. Example [2] illustrates that the PROTAGONIST, likethe ARGUER, can be the external argument of the verbs grouped together into certain frames(e.g. [Compliance]), but example [3] illustrates that it can also be the object of the verbsgrouped together into other frames (e.g. [Authorization]).5.2.3.2. COURT and JUDGEAs mentioned, the actions denoted by the verbs that we selected are carried out by twomain kinds of participants: those who do not have legal authority (ARGUER andPROTAGONIST) and those who have it (JUDGE and COURT). The participants that have legalauthority, i.e. that are responsible for applying the law, can be subdivided into two types:the JUDGE and the COURT. These two participants differ in that the FE COURT typicallyincludes the FE JUDGE but the other way round is not always true. The JUDGE can be theofficial who directs and presides over the hearing and determination of cases (judge), thegroup of officials duly constituted for the hearing and determination of cases (court), or thegroup of individuals who observe the trial and ultimately attempt to come to a verdict(jury). In contrast, the COURT refers to the official who directs and presides over thehearing and determination of cases (judge), but most often it refers to the tribunal dulyconstituted for the hearing and determination of cases (court).COURT is a core FE in frames such as [Appellate procedure], [Decision],[Investigating], [Make an error], [Petition] and [Proceeding]. Table 28 shows the linguisticinstantiations of COURT in the English corpus. When compared to Table 29 that illustratesthe linguistic instantiations of JUDGE in the same corpus, we can observe that court is theterm that most often instantiates the FE COURT, whereas judge is the term that most ofteninstantiates the FE JUDGE. We can also observe that the Table 28 does not include termslike jury, agency and arbitrator which can be found in Table 29.