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262Issue is another recurrent FE across frames. This label was created to designate abroad category of concepts that include a matter that is in dispute or that needs to beassessed or investigated by the JUDGE or by the COURT. It can also refer to what is requiredor forbidden by law such as rights, responsibilities and principles that are defined in thelaw. We remind the reader that macrostructure of the Canadian judgments includes one partcalled ―Issues‖. After stating the facts of the case, the judge should identify the ―Issues‖ tobe addressed, i.e. the arguments on which the analysis and the ratio decidendi (the reasonsfor the decision) will be based. In contrast with the FE IRREGULARITY, the FE ISSUE doesnot necessarily have a negative semantic prosody.Table 33. Linguistic realizations of the core FE ISSUE in the English corpus
263Table 33 illustrates that the semantic prosody of Issue can either be positive (right,principle), neutral (issue, case) or negative (error, violation). This FE is mandatory inframes such as [Judging], [Investigating], [Irregularity], [Issues] and [Regulations]. AnISSUE that always has a negative affective meaning is necessarily an IRREGULARITY, whichmeans that the ISSUE is the generic concept of IRREGULARITY.LAW is the core FE in frames such as [Apply law], [Authorization], [Compliance],[Granting], [Law applicability], [Order] and [Regulations]. Usually written, LAW refers tothe norms established by a group of legal experts so as to guide human behaviour. The BLDonline defines law as follows:1. That which is laid down, ordained, or established. A rule or method according to whichphenomena or actions coexist or follow each other. 2. A system of principles and rules ofhuman conduct, being the aggregate of those commandments and principles which areeither prescribed or recognized by the governing power in an organized jural society as itswill in relation to the conduct of the members of such society, and which it undertakes tomaintain and sanction and to use as the criteria of the actions of such members. ―Law‖ is asolemn expression of legislative will. It orders and permits and forbids. It announcesrewards and punishments. Its provisions generally relate not to solitary or singular cases,but to what passes in the ordinary course of affairs. Civ. Code La. arts. 1. 2. ―Law,‖ withoutan article, properly implies a science or system of principles or rules of human conduct,answering to the Latin ―jus;‖ as when it is spoken of as a subject of study or practice. In thissense, it includes the decisions of courts of justice, as well as acts of the legislature. Thejudgment of a competent, court, until reversed or otherwise superseded, is law, as much asany statute. Indeed, it may happen that a statute may be passed in violation of law, that is, ofthe fundamental law or constitution of a state; that it is the prerogative of courts in suchcases to declare it void, or, in other words, to declare it not to be law. Rurrill. 3. A rule ofcivil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a, state. 1 Steph. Comm. 25; Civ. CodeDak.We underlined in this definition frames that we identified in the research and that,according to the BLD online, are related to the concept of law. The first underlinedsentence, i.e. It orders and permits and forbids, evokes two frames that correspond to thefunctions of Law: [Order] and [Authorization]. The verb to order evokes the [Order] frameand the verbs to permit and to forbid evoke the [Authorization] frame. The verbs to orderand to permit are part of the terms retained in this research. The second underlined
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Université de MontréalFaculté de
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iiiframework to the compilation of
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vd‘autres contributions ayant dé
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vii2.3.1. The theory of classes of
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x5.3.1. Full equivalents ..........
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xiiTable 23. The frame [Proof] grou
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xviiTypographical conventionsTerms:
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xixTo my parents, Fátima and João
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1. IntroductionThis research studie
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3translator can understand the mean
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5theoretical frameworks that have b
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2. The state of the artIn order to
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9terminology of Canadian and Portug
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11Translation:Legal discourse is in
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13possible? The question of transla
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152.1.2. GenresAccording to Gémar
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17Genre studies are consensual in d
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19Figure 1. Typology of legal texts
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21the two typologies. For example,
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23In Canada as in Portugal, dispute
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25judgments. He argues that knowled
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27Maingueneau (2004) for whom build
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29find equivalents in a systematic
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31(2005) and most recently in Adams
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33the langue-related concept of equ
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352.2.1.2. Concepts and designation
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37in Hartmann and James (1998: 51)
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392.2.1.4. Semantic content and col
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41―Vocabulary type‖ refers to r
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43A concept can only be understood
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45assistance to identify and valida
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47(intertextual). Cop (1991: 2776)
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49Functional equivalenceZgusta (198
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51particular purpose in mind: ―Ä
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53Table 2. Anisomorphism: example o
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55in such a way that they are compo
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572.2.3. Qualitative and quantitati
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59be cases of full equivalence with
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Graphicalrepresentation of therelat
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63For instance, in Figure 10 saudad
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65Another example of insufficient c
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67appears and then skims texts in t
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69equivalents but she also maintain
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71defined by taking into account th
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73Among these studies, some contrib
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75other words or sequences of words
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77The third type of verbs, i.e. pol
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79author applied to the selection o
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81represent synonymy, antonymy, nom
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83contexts, but also a hyperlink ca
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85The typology of verbs appearing i
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87Phraseological verbs are predicat
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89temperature rises; the air circul
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91examples, they state that discurs
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93Another problem with this represe
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95connective verbs are simple verbs
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97different. The criteria designed
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99to show the mismatch that occurs
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101content from the perspective of
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103mesma quantia global, de 6151000
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105entities with authority to trans
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107Nevertheless, Pimentel and L‘H
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109In 1995, L‘Homme proposes a me
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111these reasons, we believe it rem
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113But in order to understand Frame
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115Par exemple, les règles de sous
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117the nature of language‖, that
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119This kind of understanding by th
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121Firstly, according to him, seman
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123exchanging the goods for money (
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125As mentioned in the previous sec
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127Quarreling:(3, 9) the participan
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129corresponds to a semantic type w
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131Figure 21. Lexical entry report
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133parent frame. The frame [Quarrel
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1353.2.2.2. Environmental ScienceAn
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137Figure 23. The Coastal Engineeri
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139Spanish terms that are reported
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141the FrameNet methodology will be
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143Agnoloni et al. (2010). Followin
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145scenes: ―Whereas a scene is de
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Table 9. Confirming cross-linguisti
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149Table 10. Summary of the annotat
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151Contrary to the FrameNet approac
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153Also, in an article entitled ―
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155support for the characterization
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157period in which the texts were w
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159for Brazilian Portuguese). The E
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161case. In its written form, an ac
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163Table 14. Beginning of the thema
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165The decisão is the final sectio
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167In order to identify the content
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1694.1.3.3. ExpertsAll authors of t
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171The ―Introduction‖ states th
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173favourable decisions are quite s
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1754.1.4.1. FunctionPortuguese and
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177semble impliquer qu‘ils doiven
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179Figure 24. Bottom-up approach4.3
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181Despite this word of caution, we
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183evokes the last stage of the cri
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185Finally, some candidate terms we
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187Due to the differences in the nu
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189making an oral agreement. In thi
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191is a substantially higher one th
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193concur 1L'Heureux-Dubé J. disse
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195Although the occurrences of the
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197[Constitutionality]infringe 1 ,
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199Table 18. comply 1 , infringe 1
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201have the same number and type of
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203< FE nom="">< FE nom="">vtFigure
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205After hearing his alibi evidence
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207declarar 1Como é sabido, o Trib
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209Sometimes the target term shares
Page 233 and 234: 211FEs that correspond to prepositi
Page 235 and 236: 213the hearing judgeFigure 40. Anno
Page 237 and 238: 215the indication of the reference.
Page 239 and 240: 217the first meaning was related to
Page 241 and 242: 219cumprir 1 ; 2) exceed 1 and viol
Page 243 and 244: 221the semantic nature of the terms
Page 245 and 246: Portuguese223Agency, authority, BNS
Page 247 and 248: 2255.1.1. Portuguese termsCandidate
Page 249 and 250: 2276. Ambiguity between the past pa
Page 251 and 252: 229a legal genre set out in the fir
Page 253 and 254: 231as Prata (2005) and Prata et al.
Page 255 and 256: 2331. Ambiguity between the past fo
Page 257 and 258: 235(section 5.1.1.2.1); the second
Page 259 and 260: 237corpus, the action of adducing i
Page 261 and 262: 239draw some considerations on the
Page 263 and 264: 241extraction of Portuguese terms b
Page 265 and 266: 243The second half of the frame des
Page 267 and 268: Portuguese245artigo, lei, lei pream
Page 269 and 270: 247We can observe that both terms e
Page 271 and 272: 249the core FEs correspond to the a
Page 273 and 274: 251resolve 1[1] This Court can reso
Page 275 and 276: 253are not responsible for applying
Page 277 and 278: 255Table 27. Linguistic realization
Page 283: 261Table 32. Linguistic realization
Page 287 and 288: 265Tabela 35. Linguistic realizatio
Page 289 and 290: 267LAW and ISSUE. For all these rea
Page 291 and 292: PortugueseEnglsih269Table 36. amend
Page 293 and 294: 271The application of the aforement
Page 295 and 296: 273propugnar 1Por último, na conte
Page 297 and 298: PortugueseEnglish275Table 37. The f
Page 299 and 300: 277The following pairs of verbs are
Page 301 and 302: 279This frame groups together one E
Page 303 and 304: 281The scenario includes two core F
Page 305 and 306: PortugueseEnglish283For instance, a
Page 307 and 308: 285Translation:* Este Tribunal pode
Page 309 and 310: English287Table 42. The [Order] fra
Page 311 and 312: 289considered candidate equivalents
Page 313 and 314: 291Supreme Court judgments not only
Page 315 and 316: 293Figure 45. Alphabetical list of
Page 317 and 318: 295As in DiCoInfo (L‘Homme 2008),
Page 319 and 320: 297the term dismiss 1 the actantial
Page 321 and 322: 299In the annotated contexts (Figur
Page 323 and 324: 301expression in sentences containi
Page 325 and 326: 303Finally, as the task of annotati
Page 327 and 328: 305The study started with the revie
Page 329 and 330: 307As the research specifically aim
Page 331 and 332: 309study: a larger amount of terms;
Page 333 and 334: 311Atkins, S. and M. Rundell (2008)
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313Carreno, I. (2005). Analyse de l
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315Devinat, M. (2005). La règle pr
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317Fontenelle, T. (2000). ―A Bili
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319Gross, G. and F. Guenthner (2002
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321L‘Homme, M.-C. (2003). ―Capt
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323McEnery, A. and Z. Xiao (2007).
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325Reimerink, A. and P. Faber. (200
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327Searle, J. (1983). Intentionalit
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329Terminologiewissenschaft = Langu
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IIDecisão Texto Integral:Acordam n
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IVAppendix 2. Indexing terms of the
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Appendix 3. A Canadian judgmentVISU
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VIIIof stolen property from six to
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Appendix 4. Indexing terms of the C
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XIIAppendix 6. Partial list of Engl
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XIVFrame and definition Core Frame
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XVIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XVIIIFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXFrame and definition Core Frame E
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XXIIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXIVFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXVIFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXVIIIFrame and definition Core Fra
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XXXFrame and definition Core Frame
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XXXIIFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXXIVFrame and definition Core Fram
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XXXVIAppendix 8. Partial list of th
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XXXVIIIargue 1 [Argumentation]Charg
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XLdeem 1 [Judging]Irregularity Core
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XLIIManner Non-core impugn 1 [Conte
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XLIVRight Core assert 3 [Right]Text
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Appendix 10. List of common indirec
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Appendix 11. Data validationXLVIIIV
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Appendix 12. Eliminated candidate t
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Appendix 14. List of Portuguese ter
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48. exercer 2 [Disagreement] exerce
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Appendix 15. List of English termsL
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estipular 1 , prescrever 154. grant
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Appendix 16. List of frames groupin
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LXII37. declarar 1 , state 1 [Argum
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