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THE PLA AT HOME AND ABROAD: ASSESSI
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
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FOREWORD It is a distinct honor to
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have been extremely satisfied with
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Also in 2009, the PLA Navy (PLAN) a
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their measures to improve the situa
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in the Asia-Pacific region, further
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tional Convention platform (Hu’s
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Second, the prosperous-nation-stron
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egy. National defense modernization
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advances, current Chinese leaders a
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Chinese leaders are well aware of t
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transformation in military affairs.
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Indeed, the United States now deplo
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through their learning from the U.S
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to gain an objective control measur
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ings on future wars depict a more p
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ever, is giving way to a more law-g
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of this PLAN fleet clearly has impl
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contribute to China’s foreign and
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military integration (CMI, [军民
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forces in both the defense and the
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For a long time, American leaders h
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14. Chinese leaders chose to use th
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26. Su Xisheng (苏希胜) et al.,
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CHAPTER 2 THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION
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fold extensive, changing local secu
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the Association of Southeast Asian
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2 years earlier. After tracking in
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Even though the security situation
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THE PLA AND CHINA’S FOREIGN POLIC
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Vice-Chairman and Politburo member
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PLA NEAR-TERM CONCERNS With cross-S
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the entire period with: “The whol
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of the United States deployed in th
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Daily article criticized the docume
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India does not match China in econo
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tential threat to China’s most im
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pulse of the other, even as suspici
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in rebuilding the country has been
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The SCO nonetheless allows both to
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warned against Vietnam’s planned
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and South China Seas, although thes
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August 2009 meeting of the MMCA and
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ness of Japan. Moreover, the PLA kn
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wan issue and agreed to expand mili
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invasion of China is anticipated. S
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operations was clearly designed to
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mitments Beijing has already made a
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11. Major General Shou Xiaosong,
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34. Liu Yang and Guo Feng, “What
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57. James Manicom, “China’s Cla
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CHAPTER 3 DISCOURSE IN 3-D: THE PLA
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“under high technology conditions
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to command the gun (as Mao famously
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of that year and then first cited i
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arms into full play, combine offens
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. . . military deterrence, military
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the post-Mao era. However, against
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ship between construction of core m
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to spearhead efforts in this area.
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oots party entities, government ent
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merous nonwar activities and heavil
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ational capabilities. As James Q. W
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disappear, there may be voices clai
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mands of military modernization and
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 3 1. China’s N
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11. China’s National Defense in 2
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32. According to the 2009 Defense W
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53. Conversations with PLA research
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the field about the continued relev
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ment of most serious Party disputes
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China’s case is a lot more compli
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- Page 234 and 235: Over the longer-term, the developme
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ary 2008. The areas south of the Ya
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internal chaos, two staff officers
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command state that half an hour aft
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the Wenchuan earthquake showed that
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earthquake to that which would be d
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government and Party leaders tend t
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another girl had gone out with, tha
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and submachine guns) with which the
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given moral and material encouragem
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dling “riots, large-scale violent
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There is little evidence of any lar
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other areas, including the Grand Ba
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CONCLUSION: CHINA’S INTERNAL SECU
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exercises involving hundreds of tro
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nal security forces allowed riots t
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nomic recovery may have prevented s
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 6 1. I am discou
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8. Constitution of the People’s R
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troops for disaster relief in the s
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41. Sun Xianglin, Liu Zhongcheng, a
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53. Zhang Shengzhi, “加强对群
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22-25; Wang Tai Peng, “Lessons fr
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China Manages Internal Security Cha
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86. The Chinese government has sugg
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97. For examples, see the sources c
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disaster prevention agency. “Chin
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its prospects for future participat
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Why Beijing Had to Act. Security of
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member of the UNSC not to have cont
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other key goal is to register the p
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to the PLAN. Additionally, the 052B
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Rules of Engagement. Following the
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Article 107 of UNCLOS, “warships,
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and Taiwan for the PLAN to escort t
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ENCOUNTERS WITH PIRATES While the P
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malia’s territory to include land
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performed its first at-sea replenis
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derway, alongside connected, helico
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ear command team directed Zhenhua 4
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partment and the State Information
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ordinated Chinese helicopter flight
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Admiral, so it is a genuinely multi
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International. Surveying relevant a
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other military forces.” 150 The v
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ered variants of “sea control,”
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ut also safeguard . . . the ocean.
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forming many missions, and hence ar
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world peace.” 177 Specifically, D
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tradition and ideology and will be
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Port Country Relations with China C
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a new level of blue-water experienc
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nerabilities—and hence reluctant
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 7 1. Existing li
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cant influence in the shaping of PL
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21. For the importance of oil tanke
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31. Chinese shippers have seized a
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51. “Resolution 1851 (2008),” a
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75. Xia Hongping and Cao Haihua,
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JPG; Guo Gang, “(Escorts by Naval
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113. “China Ship Reporting System
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130. Guo Gang, “(Escort by Milita
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151. 李大光 (Li Daguang, Nationa
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is vital to China’s long-term dev
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Winter 2010, pp. 17-35. For indicat
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only would we be unable to make use
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ed., “Unveiling Our Country’s F
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203. Donna Miles, “U.S. Welcomes
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force exercises have involved relat
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sonnel, and major Chinese units inv
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oadcast about the exercise at the t
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orists. Similar doctrinally sound f
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200 total personnel to hunt down
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schedule for 2005 and commit approp
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“the first antiterrorism exercise
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Zhang’s explanation (the Chinese
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Following the 2 hours of field firi
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were reinforced by PLA tanks, armed
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Though there have been more PLA and
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PAP personnel from the Shanghai Fir
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of the series, with a total of abou
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The difference in helicopter attack
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as day and night live fire, first a
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the PLA University of Science and T
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Exercise artificialities, such as c
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fighting a local war, have not been
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2. Nanjing MR is located directly a
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15. “PRC: Details of ‘Coalition
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zIN75Jtwa4
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45. “Delhi Commentary Discusses I
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62. “Chinese and Singaporean mili
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chinamil.com.cn/xwpdxw/2009-09/15/c
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93. “Team Spirit,” available fr
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Cooperation-2007 Name Dates Partici
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• Reassure select countries; •
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Although, the Xinhua article quoted
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Military Diplomacy in Practice. The
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increased its exchange of military
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channel for PLA military diplomacy.
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PLA officials, another key purpose
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Although observers tend to focus on
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A specific example is that of the P
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The PLAN did not make its first for
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land, India, the United States, Fra
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The SCO “Peace Mission” combine
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sisted of three phases—planning,
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• The Chairman of the Joint Chief
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In June 2009, the PLA opened its fi
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Armament Department’s (GAD’s) B
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suming responsibility for internati
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5. Evan S. Medeiros and Taylor Frav
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available from fmprc.gov.cn/ce/celv
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42. China’s National Defense in 1
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66. Marcel de Haas, The ‘Peace Mi
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in Beijing as to the ultimate opera
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101. During the 1980s and 1990s, th
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APPENDIX A - CHAPTER 9 PRC MINISTER
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Year and Number of Trips/Year and C
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APPENDIX C - CHAPTER 9 SENIOR PLA O
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MR PCs (35 countries). Australia (2
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CMI, a sign of broader policy unity
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is so, why has China still produced
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the Equipment Bureau of General Sta
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missile destroyers, land-attack cru
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trial and technology capacity under
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ized, hierarchical leadership to di
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a competitive bidding system—both
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not available even to civilian ente
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date was to aggressively push ahead
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ing. These facilities are now prima
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fairness according to guidelines en
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tion, GAD, and Chinese Academy of S
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depending on their industrial capac
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in Zhejiang. This province holds th
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stitutes, the dozens of technology
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foreign technology rather than unde
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development for a long time. 138 Mo
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ties; 145 R&D, production, and desi
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tor a free hand to continue innovat
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the R&D/production chain. This will
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Edge: Assessing the Role of High-en
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11. The defense industry in the Sov
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20. PLA officer salaries were on av
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35. Ma Guojun (马国钧), “军
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Assessment of the Current Situation
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63. The Company Law of 1993 was pas
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75. Interview with Ye Guoji (叶国
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89. Interview with Ping’An Securi
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Liang (张良), “发改委将不
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110. For example, there are 99 comp
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products; electronics, IT, aviation
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emote sensing, electronic intellige
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and Ding Jianmin (丁建民), “
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ENDNOTES - APPENDIX A - CHAPTER 10
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ENDNOTES - APPENDIX B - CHAPTER 10
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CHAPTER 11 TAMING THE HYDRA: TRENDS
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into the murky world of PLA, Inc. T
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and expanded (see Appendix A for a
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sitive and problematic for both sid
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developments throughout the U.S. mi
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The U.S. military does not have an
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or more Military Departments’ log
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eaks through services’ boundaries
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nese military modernization. These
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Director, GLD, published an article
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or the Xinjiang Autonomous Region,
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in creating a logistics system more
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operations persist. One author who
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Within the overall context of infor
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Acquiring commercial off-the-shelf
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to utilize the “material and tech
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Sustainment of Units Abroad. During
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PLAN sent a flotilla around the wor
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tion to protect China’s economic
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less, higher priority on the purcha
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level of urgency. There is a high t
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should also help improve China’s
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How the United States responds to i
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y a sense of past wrongs, such as t
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12. Yu Yongzhe (余用哲), Logisti
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25. Ibid., p. 33. 26. Ibid., p. 34.
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47. Selected Military Works of Mao
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68. Unattributed, “A Description
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tics in Limited War” (“局部
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103. Xinhua, available from english
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APPENDIX A - CHAPTER 11 LOGISTICS M
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• General Wang Ke publishes artic
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said military logistics needs to de
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2007 • April—PLA officially imp
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• June—East Sea Fleet (ESF) tes
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15. Shen Xiao, “Combined Logistic
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APPENDIX B - CHAPTER 11 SELECTED CH
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Xu Ruyi (许如意) A Study of Comp
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Gou Chengfu (苟成富) Zhang Lanfa
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Cao Mingdu (曹明都) Ding Guoqin
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Jiang Luming (姜鲁鸣) Zhan Guoqi
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Wan Xiaoyuan (万小元) Yu Gaoda (
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DENNIS J. BLASKO is a retired U.S.
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Under Stress (Carlisle, PA: Strateg
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Security (2007) with Justin Liang;
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(Cambridge University Press, 2003)
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U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE Major General