The PLA at Home and Abroad - Strategic Studies Institute - U.S. Army

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15. “PRC: Details of ‘Coalition 2003’ SCO Joint Military Exercise.” 16. “PLA Daily Gives On-The-Spot Coverage of Stage Two of ‘Coalition-2003’ Exercises.” 17. “Details of PRC-Pakistan Joint Antiterrorism Exercise ‘Friendship-2004’,” CPP20040809000097, Beijing, China, Zhongguo Qingnian Bao (Internet Version-WWW) in Chinese, August 7, 2004, translated by OSC. 18. According to “China’s National Defense in 2008,” January 2009, available from english.gov.cn/official/2009-01/20/ content_1210227.htm, Army border defense units have “carried out extensive exchanges and cooperation on border defense with neighboring countries.” 19. JFJB Article on “Background, Rationale of PRC-Indian Joint Antiterror Exercise,” CPP20071220710001, Beijing, China, Jiefangjun Bao (Internet Version-WWW) in Chinese, December 20, 2007, p. 5, translated by OSC; “Twelve Military exercises: A Chronology,” People’s Daily, August 19, 2005, available from english. peopledaily.com.cn/200508/19/eng20050819_203469.html, gives the date of this exercise as August 28, 2004. 20. “China: ‘Peace Mission 2005’ Exercises Reflect Growing Sino-Russian ‘Mutual Trust’.” 21. Ibid. The term “terrorists on a global scale” parallels President George W. Bush’s formulation enunciated his address to Congress on September 20, 2001, “Our war on terror begins with al-Qaida, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.” 22. “Scenario for Russian-Chinese Military Exercise Outlined,” CEP20050824949010, Moscow, Russia, Krasnaya Zvezda in Russian, August 24, 2005, translated by OSC. 23. For a more detailed description of “Peace Mission-2005,” see Dennis J. Blasko, “PLA Ground Force Modernization And Mission Diversification: Underway In All Military Regions,” 416
in Roy Kamphausen and Andrew Scobell, eds., Right Sizing The People’s Liberation Army: Exploring The Contours Of China’s Military, Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, September 2007, pp. 325-331, available from www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB784. pdf. PLA Daily has a webpage for this exercise available from english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/special-reports/2005zelhjy/index. htm. 24. “PRC Security Official on Ties With Kazakhstan, SCO’s Antiterrorism Challenge,” CPP20060826004006, Beijing, China, Xinhua Domestic Service in Chinese 1036 GMT, August 26, 2006, translated by OSC. 25. “PRC Troops Maneuver 26 Aug in 2nd Phase of Sino- Kazakhstan Anti-Terrorism Drill,” CPP20060826004009, Hong Kong, Zhongguo Tongxun She, in Chinese 1201 GMT, August 26, 2006, translated by OSC. Xinhua has a webpage dedicated to the exercise available from news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2006-08/25/ content_4988812.htm. 26. “Chinese Defense Ministry Official on China-Tajikistan Antiterrorism Exercise,” CPP20060923706021, Beijing, China, Jiefangjun Bao (Internet Version-WWW) in Chinese, September 23, 2006, translated by OSC. 27. Ibid. 28. PLA Daily has a webpage devoted to this exercise with links to very brief reports available from english.chinamil.com.cn/ site2/special-reports/ctjate/index.htm. The photo page available from english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/special-reports/ctjate/node_9812.htm gives some feel for the type of demonstrations conducted. 29. “PLA: Chengdu MR ‘Cheetah’ Brings ‘Outstanding’ Reputation to PRC-Pakistani Drill,” CPP20061221710013, Beijing, China, Zhongguo Guofang Bao (Internet Version-WWW) in Chinese, December 19, 2006, p. 1, translated by OSC. 30. PRC Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, “Pakistan-China military exercise concludes” available from pk.chineseembassy. org/eng/zbgx/t284215.htm. A CCTV-9 report is available from 417
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THE PLA AT HOME AND ABROAD: ASSESSI
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
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FOREWORD It is a distinct honor to
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have been extremely satisfied with
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Also in 2009, the PLA Navy (PLAN) a
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their measures to improve the situa
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in the Asia-Pacific region, further
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tional Convention platform (Hu’s
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Second, the prosperous-nation-stron
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egy. National defense modernization
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advances, current Chinese leaders a
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Chinese leaders are well aware of t
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transformation in military affairs.
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Indeed, the United States now deplo
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through their learning from the U.S
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to gain an objective control measur
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ings on future wars depict a more p
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ever, is giving way to a more law-g
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of this PLAN fleet clearly has impl
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contribute to China’s foreign and
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military integration (CMI, [军民
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forces in both the defense and the
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For a long time, American leaders h
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14. Chinese leaders chose to use th
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26. Su Xisheng (苏希胜) et al.,
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CHAPTER 2 THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION
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fold extensive, changing local secu
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the Association of Southeast Asian
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2 years earlier. After tracking in
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Even though the security situation
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THE PLA AND CHINA’S FOREIGN POLIC
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Vice-Chairman and Politburo member
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PLA NEAR-TERM CONCERNS With cross-S
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the entire period with: “The whol
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of the United States deployed in th
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Daily article criticized the docume
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India does not match China in econo
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tential threat to China’s most im
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pulse of the other, even as suspici
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in rebuilding the country has been
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The SCO nonetheless allows both to
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warned against Vietnam’s planned
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and South China Seas, although thes
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August 2009 meeting of the MMCA and
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ness of Japan. Moreover, the PLA kn
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wan issue and agreed to expand mili
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invasion of China is anticipated. S
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operations was clearly designed to
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mitments Beijing has already made a
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11. Major General Shou Xiaosong,
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34. Liu Yang and Guo Feng, “What
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57. James Manicom, “China’s Cla
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CHAPTER 3 DISCOURSE IN 3-D: THE PLA
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“under high technology conditions
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to command the gun (as Mao famously
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of that year and then first cited i
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arms into full play, combine offens
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. . . military deterrence, military
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the post-Mao era. However, against
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ship between construction of core m
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to spearhead efforts in this area.
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oots party entities, government ent
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merous nonwar activities and heavil
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ational capabilities. As James Q. W
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disappear, there may be voices clai
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mands of military modernization and
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 3 1. China’s N
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11. China’s National Defense in 2
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32. According to the 2009 Defense W
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53. Conversations with PLA research
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the field about the continued relev
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ment of most serious Party disputes
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China’s case is a lot more compli
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East China Seas to exercise maximum
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obsessed more with the high-tech
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a natural requirement for officers
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and the CMC military affairs). This
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pact on China’s relations with ma
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Party Center (党中央). 35 This s
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HU JINTAO AND CHINA’S CHANGING CI
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predictability in his interaction w
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his control over the gun at the sam
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Challenge Ahead: In Search of the N
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in Party affairs. In contrast, Li i
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Secretary General. This is a positi
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differences that are often times in
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in Hu’s hands. Lengthy debate is
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is how to pursue the next round of
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convinced people. For the sake of m
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Terrorist threats remain real, alth
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y a strategic question of whether M
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no longer routine, especially given
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5. Amos Perlmutter and William LeoG
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18. The U.S. Secretary of State con
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vilian leaders what they should not
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46. Wen’s power lies in the State
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60. You Ji, “Taiwan in the Politi
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78. Liu Yongxin, “连锁反应背
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CHAPTER 5 TOWARDS AN INTEGRATIVE C4
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pivotal year in the PLA’s quest f
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and information support capabilitie
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4. Innovation consists of making le
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increase. In developing information
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1. In 1978, a phase-one network est
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960-1,215 MHz frequency band. 42 As
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Communication problems have also ar
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联合作战). This transition from
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fundamental impediment to fostering
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such training has been done on a te
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The 2005 training goals stressed
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to “promote the healthy and order
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make overall plans for joint traini
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est, suggests that a lack of a basi
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Despite the emphasis on information
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explore opportunities. These effort
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5. Vice Admiral Arthur K. Cebrowski
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28. Ibid., p. 138. 29. Zhou Ming,
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Type of Theater Joint Command Infor
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66. Zhang Liansong and Liu Jing,
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Demonstration and Planning Meeting
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making under difficult circumstance
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The PRC only began to build a forma
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that the primary responsibility for
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As they considered the lessons lear
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in Wenchuan County in the western p
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to a number of weak points from whi
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unifying, and streamlining a pletho
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government statistics that indicate
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ights. The Menglian incident involv
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line. Similar to the Weng’an and
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ing out of internal security tasks.
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usual insignia of either the police
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XINJIANG: THE URUMQI RIOT When it r
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lessons, if any, the PLA/PAP and th
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When they did move in to reassert c
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of the military in an emergency man
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PAP would presumably draw on the ta
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2008 and in Urumqi in 2009 is indic
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ternal MOOTW has, in fact, had any
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tions on policing and internal secu
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16. “Martial Law of the People’
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Military’s Earthquake Response Le
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(PLA Daily), June 9, 2008, p. 1; We
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58. For example, on September 5, 20
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68. Yu Jianrong, Yang Huijing and X
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of the nature and seriousness of th
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91. Murray Scot Tanner, quoted in E
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103. Patel, “Chinese Disaster Rel
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CHAPTER 7 CHINESE SEA POWER IN ACTI
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tary operations capabilities.” 6
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sible solution to an unexpected but
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China’s 3 decades of involvement
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The PLAN chose some of its newest,
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Vessel Hull # Class Type Displaceme
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jing’s official news media consta
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These very cautious rules of engage
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PLAN warship(s) will maintain simil
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guarded the Chinese merchant ship Z
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EQUIPMENT, PERSONNEL, AND LOGISTICS
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Fourth Deployment: On October 30, 2
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ector of the PLAN headquarters gene
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The most dramatic innovations in sa
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tional counterparts. Combined Task
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So why is Beijing making this effor
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litical systems and ideology are at
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Zhang Zhaoyin, deputy group army co
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maintenance activities in African p
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Platform Nuclear Attack Submarines
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To be sure, proponents of SLOC defe
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sions, but it may gradually acquire
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for great power influence and rival
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crisis, as they would be harming re
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In the future, any facilities that
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carriers might rapidly become an im
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mons. In fact, the prospects for Ch
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enefit from diversion of U.S. atten
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13. Andrew S. Erickson, “Pipe Dre
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China is not similarly involved in
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40. Huang Li, p. 178. 41. Ibid., pp
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62. “Piracy Draws China Back to t
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85. “China Ready to Pay Ransom to
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106. See several articles on “Res
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121. Lt. Jennifer Cragg, “Navy Ta
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Page 377 and 378: 164. The author must credit Nan Li
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Page 385 and 386: CHAPTER 8 PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARM
Page 387 and 388: Though limited in number, these exe
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Page 397 and 398: After the air forces had attained d
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Page 403 and 404: Observers frequently hear similar s
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Page 421 and 422: As such, they present outsiders an
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Page 431 and 432: 68. “Coordination of PRC, Russian
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Page 435 and 436: Exercise-01 APPENDIX - CHAPTER 8 CH
Page 437 and 438: CHAPTER 9 MILITARY EXCHANGES WITH C
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Page 441 and 442: 6. To independently develop militar
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Page 447 and 448: communicates a positive and reassur
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Page 451 and 452: According to the 1998 Defense White
Page 453 and 454: Master Sergeant James A. Roy, led t
Page 455 and 456: in their ability to venture beyond
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Page 463 and 464: “Operational Diplomacy”: Peacek
Page 465 and 466: PLAN launched in 2007, for HA-DR ef
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Page 469 and 470: The increasing scope and sophistica
Page 471 and 472: 16. “Appendix III: Participation
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55. “Major overseas visits of PLA
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75. Ibid.; China’s National Defen
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89. “China’s Growing Role in UN
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107. Siva Govindasamy, “Dubai 09:
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• December 2007: Kenya, Kuwait, a
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ENDNOTES - APPENDIX B - CHAPTER 9 1
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Egypt, Finland (2), Greece, Hungary
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CHAPTER 10 EMERGING GRAND STRATEGY
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of higher learning and other civili
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duration, and would depend heavily
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tutions, defense companies, univers
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lining government agency functions.
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creation of MIIT. This office’s p
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other countries closely and made th
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compare favorably to 80 percent in
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ernment’s initiatives to overhaul
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vestment. 77 Yet by the end of 2005
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In reality, however, numerous limit
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defense and civilian research and i
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agement. This includes many key SOE
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China Academy of Engineering Physic
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a new Defense Industry Alliance was
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absorbed and combined with in-house
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China’s defense establishment org
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sets (mainly in CASC) such as with
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United States but failed. It then t
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vation that would result would inev
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will grow increasingly difficult an
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technology, large oil and gas field
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15. Li Zhaoxing (李肇星), at Pre
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the National Defense Industry’s
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People’s Liberation Army”), CMC
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es Entering the Defense Industry Se
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70. These two regulations have been
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82. Responsibilities of CSRC in off
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percent of defense corporation is u
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101. “Zhejiang Province Determine
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tutes, funded by the NRDC; and tech
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130. Denis Fred Simon and Cong Cao,
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146. Universities, for example, Tsi
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Enterprise China North Optical-Elec
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Industry Investment Fund: APPENDIX
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10. Zhao Bo, “武器装备应用
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of China (PRC) in late 1949, milita
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This chapter seeks to provide an ov
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sional journals, such as Logistics
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USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrie
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will examine China’s current logi
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tribution, health service support [
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force, such as food, water and ice,
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LOGISTICS TRANSFORMATION GOALS AND
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3. Sustainment of Units Abroad, and
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Phase Three: • Under the joint le
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zone” (战区), while joint logis
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• All supporting facilities in th
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educed. Wary of the cost of militar
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user. As a result, these innovation
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As the link between the war front a
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tion distribution centers for close
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Date Mission Location Observers Tro
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than 50 kinds of 5 major categories
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ties, 118 while enhancing China’s
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acy missions in the Gulf of Aden, a
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• Decentralization versus central
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IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. POLICY Truth
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U.S. commitments to Taiwan. If Chin
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3. The Army has been the main force
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19. See, for example, Ngok Lee, Chi
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37. Joint core logistics capabiliti
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58. Wang Guanghui and Wang Youlin,
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78. Feng Yongmin, Zhang Lingling, a
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“A Study of the Strategy of Build
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115. Antonio Castillo, “China in
Page 622 and 623:
• Three Generation (三代) refor
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ning, building, and using in a unif
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2005 • Hu Jintao asked military t
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2009 • Jan—Chinese missile-arme
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2. Hu Fuwen, “On Realizing the Pr
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30. Ren Pan and Ju Zhenhau, “’P
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Wang Jinghai (王京海) Zhao Zhanp
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Jin Xiuman (金秀满) Military Veh
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Chen Guoshu (陈国书) Li Guangren
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Li Wanjun (荔万俊) An Introducti
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Guo Qinmao (郭钦茂) Wang Benhong
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ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS DANIEL ALDER
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policy, and technology issues, has
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where she analyzed the frequency an
Page 651 and 652:
SUSAN M. PUSKA, a retired U.S. Army
Page 653 and 654:
macy, Foreign Policy and Defense St
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