The PLA at Home and Abroad - Strategic Studies Institute - U.S. Army

More documents

Recommendations

Info

malia’s territory to include land, waters, and airspace, they were passed by the Security Council unanimously. This highlights the cautious approach that Beijing is taking although to be fair to the Chinese, other nations are taking a fairly conservative approach as well. Anthony Wong Dong, president of the International Military Association in Macau, offers an additional Chinese consideration: “If Beijing fails to save the Chinese crew, it will set a bad example for Chinese laborers who are working in energy-rich countries.” 82 Huang Li adds more generally that China’s deployments are “conducted under the watchful eyes of the whole world and any small error will be magnified over a hundred times . . . it will be an irretrievable loss if one hostage is injured or dead.” 83 One Chinese analyst sees the incident as revealing not just political caution per se but also deficiencies in Chinese ISR, force scale, quick response, and calls for more robust “far seas presence,” as well as overseas bases. 84 Chinese Shipowners’ Association secretary general Zhang Zuyue has reported that Chinese representatives were engaged in secret negotiations with the pirates. 85 Meanwhile, the Chinese task force “enhanced helicopter patrols, observation, lookout, guard, and patrols by small boats.” 86 On December 28, 2009, Dexinhai and its crew were released after a reported $4 million ransom payment. While this caution is understandable, Beijing’s apparent pursuit of a separate peace with pirates—without seeking publicly to confer with other maritime stakeholders—risks leaving other vessels worse off. 314
EQUIPMENT, PERSONNEL, AND LOGISTICS SUPPORT At-Sea Replenishment. In what might be considered the linchpin of the entire mission, the PLAN handled the logistics and supply requirements associated with the counterpiracy deployments through a combination of underway replenishment and port visits (see Table 2). Port Date Vessel Vessel Type Purpose/Details Port Aden, Yemen February 24, 2009 Weishanhu replenishment replenishment April 25, 2009 Weishanhu replenishment replenishment July 23, 2009 Weishanhu replenishment replenishment Port Salalah, Oman June 21- July 1 2009 Shenzhen destroyer rest and replenishment June 21- July 1 2009 Huangshan frigate rest and replenishment June 21- July 1 2009 Weishanhu replenishment replenishment mid-August 2009 Zhoushan frigate rest and replenishment mid-August 2009 Xuzhou frigate rest and replenishment mid-August 2009 Qiandaohu replenishment rest and replenishment Kochi, India August 2009 Shenzhen destroyer good will; four-day visit Karachi, Pakistan August 5-7, 2009 Huangshan frigate three-day visit; joint exercises Karachi, Pakistan August 5-7, 2009 Weishanhu replenishment three-day visit; joint exercises Table 2. Port Visits through August 2009. First Deployment: Three PLAN vessels (Wuhan 87 and Haikou 88 destroyers and the replenishment vessel, Weishanhu 89 ), commanded by Rear Admiral Du Jingchen and his deputy Rear Admiral Yin Dunping, 90 departed Sanya on December 26, 2008, and arrived in waters off of Somalia on January 6, 2009. On December 30, 2008, transiting the Strait of Malacca, Weishanhu 315
Page 1 and 2:
THE PLA AT HOME AND ABROAD: ASSESSI
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS Foreword .................
Page 5 and 6:
FOREWORD It is a distinct honor to
Page 7:
have been extremely satisfied with
Page 10 and 11:
Also in 2009, the PLA Navy (PLAN) a
Page 12 and 13:
their measures to improve the situa
Page 14 and 15:
in the Asia-Pacific region, further
Page 16 and 17:
tional Convention platform (Hu’s
Page 18 and 19:
Second, the prosperous-nation-stron
Page 20 and 21:
egy. National defense modernization
Page 22 and 23:
advances, current Chinese leaders a
Page 24 and 25:
Chinese leaders are well aware of t
Page 26 and 27:
transformation in military affairs.
Page 28 and 29:
Indeed, the United States now deplo
Page 30 and 31:
through their learning from the U.S
Page 32 and 33:
to gain an objective control measur
Page 34 and 35:
ings on future wars depict a more p
Page 36 and 37:
ever, is giving way to a more law-g
Page 38 and 39:
of this PLAN fleet clearly has impl
Page 40 and 41:
contribute to China’s foreign and
Page 42 and 43:
military integration (CMI, [军民
Page 44 and 45:
forces in both the defense and the
Page 46 and 47:
For a long time, American leaders h
Page 48 and 49:
14. Chinese leaders chose to use th
Page 50 and 51:
26. Su Xisheng (苏希胜) et al.,
Page 53 and 54:
CHAPTER 2 THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION
Page 55 and 56:
fold extensive, changing local secu
Page 57 and 58:
the Association of Southeast Asian
Page 59 and 60:
2 years earlier. After tracking in
Page 61 and 62:
Even though the security situation
Page 63 and 64:
THE PLA AND CHINA’S FOREIGN POLIC
Page 65 and 66:
Vice-Chairman and Politburo member
Page 67 and 68:
PLA NEAR-TERM CONCERNS With cross-S
Page 69 and 70:
the entire period with: “The whol
Page 71 and 72:
of the United States deployed in th
Page 73 and 74:
Daily article criticized the docume
Page 75 and 76:
India does not match China in econo
Page 77 and 78:
tential threat to China’s most im
Page 79 and 80:
pulse of the other, even as suspici
Page 81 and 82:
in rebuilding the country has been
Page 83 and 84:
The SCO nonetheless allows both to
Page 85 and 86:
warned against Vietnam’s planned
Page 87 and 88:
and South China Seas, although thes
Page 89 and 90:
August 2009 meeting of the MMCA and
Page 91 and 92:
ness of Japan. Moreover, the PLA kn
Page 93 and 94:
wan issue and agreed to expand mili
Page 95 and 96:
invasion of China is anticipated. S
Page 97 and 98:
operations was clearly designed to
Page 99 and 100:
mitments Beijing has already made a
Page 101 and 102:
11. Major General Shou Xiaosong,
Page 103 and 104:
34. Liu Yang and Guo Feng, “What
Page 105 and 106:
57. James Manicom, “China’s Cla
Page 107 and 108:
CHAPTER 3 DISCOURSE IN 3-D: THE PLA
Page 109 and 110:
“under high technology conditions
Page 111 and 112:
to command the gun (as Mao famously
Page 113 and 114:
of that year and then first cited i
Page 115 and 116:
arms into full play, combine offens
Page 117 and 118:
. . . military deterrence, military
Page 119 and 120:
the post-Mao era. However, against
Page 121 and 122:
ship between construction of core m
Page 123 and 124:
to spearhead efforts in this area.
Page 125 and 126:
oots party entities, government ent
Page 127 and 128:
merous nonwar activities and heavil
Page 129 and 130:
ational capabilities. As James Q. W
Page 131 and 132:
disappear, there may be voices clai
Page 133 and 134:
mands of military modernization and
Page 135 and 136:
ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 3 1. China’s N
Page 137 and 138:
11. China’s National Defense in 2
Page 139 and 140:
32. According to the 2009 Defense W
Page 141:
53. Conversations with PLA research
Page 144 and 145:
the field about the continued relev
Page 146 and 147:
ment of most serious Party disputes
Page 148 and 149:
China’s case is a lot more compli
Page 150 and 151:
East China Seas to exercise maximum
Page 152 and 153:
obsessed more with the high-tech
Page 154 and 155:
a natural requirement for officers
Page 156 and 157:
and the CMC military affairs). This
Page 158 and 159:
pact on China’s relations with ma
Page 160 and 161:
Party Center (党中央). 35 This s
Page 162 and 163:
HU JINTAO AND CHINA’S CHANGING CI
Page 164 and 165:
predictability in his interaction w
Page 166 and 167:
his control over the gun at the sam
Page 168 and 169:
Challenge Ahead: In Search of the N
Page 170 and 171:
in Party affairs. In contrast, Li i
Page 172 and 173:
Secretary General. This is a positi
Page 174 and 175:
differences that are often times in
Page 176 and 177:
in Hu’s hands. Lengthy debate is
Page 178 and 179:
is how to pursue the next round of
Page 180 and 181:
convinced people. For the sake of m
Page 182 and 183:
Terrorist threats remain real, alth
Page 184 and 185:
y a strategic question of whether M
Page 186 and 187:
no longer routine, especially given
Page 188 and 189:
5. Amos Perlmutter and William LeoG
Page 190 and 191:
18. The U.S. Secretary of State con
Page 192 and 193:
vilian leaders what they should not
Page 194 and 195:
46. Wen’s power lies in the State
Page 196 and 197:
60. You Ji, “Taiwan in the Politi
Page 198 and 199:
78. Liu Yongxin, “连锁反应背
Page 201 and 202:
CHAPTER 5 TOWARDS AN INTEGRATIVE C4
Page 203 and 204:
pivotal year in the PLA’s quest f
Page 205 and 206:
and information support capabilitie
Page 207 and 208:
4. Innovation consists of making le
Page 209 and 210:
increase. In developing information
Page 211 and 212:
1. In 1978, a phase-one network est
Page 213 and 214:
960-1,215 MHz frequency band. 42 As
Page 215 and 216:
Communication problems have also ar
Page 217 and 218:
联合作战). This transition from
Page 219 and 220:
fundamental impediment to fostering
Page 221 and 222:
such training has been done on a te
Page 223 and 224:
The 2005 training goals stressed
Page 225 and 226:
to “promote the healthy and order
Page 227 and 228:
make overall plans for joint traini
Page 229 and 230:
est, suggests that a lack of a basi
Page 231 and 232:
Despite the emphasis on information
Page 233 and 234:
explore opportunities. These effort
Page 235 and 236:
5. Vice Admiral Arthur K. Cebrowski
Page 237 and 238:
28. Ibid., p. 138. 29. Zhou Ming,
Page 239 and 240:
Type of Theater Joint Command Infor
Page 241 and 242:
66. Zhang Liansong and Liu Jing,
Page 243:
Demonstration and Planning Meeting
Page 246 and 247:
making under difficult circumstance
Page 248 and 249:
The PRC only began to build a forma
Page 250 and 251:
that the primary responsibility for
Page 252 and 253:
As they considered the lessons lear
Page 254 and 255:
in Wenchuan County in the western p
Page 256 and 257:
to a number of weak points from whi
Page 258 and 259:
unifying, and streamlining a pletho
Page 260 and 261:
government statistics that indicate
Page 262 and 263:
ights. The Menglian incident involv
Page 264 and 265:
line. Similar to the Weng’an and
Page 266 and 267:
ing out of internal security tasks.
Page 268 and 269:
usual insignia of either the police
Page 270 and 271:
XINJIANG: THE URUMQI RIOT When it r
Page 272 and 273: lessons, if any, the PLA/PAP and th
Page 274 and 275: When they did move in to reassert c
Page 276 and 277: of the military in an emergency man
Page 278 and 279: PAP would presumably draw on the ta
Page 280 and 281: 2008 and in Urumqi in 2009 is indic
Page 282 and 283: ternal MOOTW has, in fact, had any
Page 284 and 285: tions on policing and internal secu
Page 286 and 287: 16. “Martial Law of the People’
Page 288 and 289: Military’s Earthquake Response Le
Page 290 and 291: (PLA Daily), June 9, 2008, p. 1; We
Page 292 and 293: 58. For example, on September 5, 20
Page 294 and 295: 68. Yu Jianrong, Yang Huijing and X
Page 296 and 297: of the nature and seriousness of th
Page 298 and 299: 91. Murray Scot Tanner, quoted in E
Page 300 and 301: 103. Patel, “Chinese Disaster Rel
Page 303 and 304: CHAPTER 7 CHINESE SEA POWER IN ACTI
Page 305 and 306: tary operations capabilities.” 6
Page 307 and 308: sible solution to an unexpected but
Page 309 and 310: China’s 3 decades of involvement
Page 311 and 312: The PLAN chose some of its newest,
Page 313 and 314: Vessel Hull # Class Type Displaceme
Page 315 and 316: jing’s official news media consta
Page 317 and 318: These very cautious rules of engage
Page 319 and 320: PLAN warship(s) will maintain simil
Page 321: guarded the Chinese merchant ship Z
Page 325 and 326: Fourth Deployment: On October 30, 2
Page 327 and 328: ector of the PLAN headquarters gene
Page 329 and 330: The most dramatic innovations in sa
Page 331 and 332: tional counterparts. Combined Task
Page 333 and 334: So why is Beijing making this effor
Page 335 and 336: litical systems and ideology are at
Page 337 and 338: Zhang Zhaoyin, deputy group army co
Page 339 and 340: maintenance activities in African p
Page 341 and 342: Platform Nuclear Attack Submarines
Page 343 and 344: To be sure, proponents of SLOC defe
Page 345 and 346: sions, but it may gradually acquire
Page 347 and 348: for great power influence and rival
Page 349 and 350: crisis, as they would be harming re
Page 351 and 352: In the future, any facilities that
Page 353 and 354: carriers might rapidly become an im
Page 355 and 356: mons. In fact, the prospects for Ch
Page 357 and 358: enefit from diversion of U.S. atten
Page 359 and 360: 13. Andrew S. Erickson, “Pipe Dre
Page 361 and 362: China is not similarly involved in
Page 363 and 364: 40. Huang Li, p. 178. 41. Ibid., pp
Page 365 and 366: 62. “Piracy Draws China Back to t
Page 367 and 368: 85. “China Ready to Pay Ransom to
Page 369 and 370: 106. See several articles on “Res
Page 371 and 372: 121. Lt. Jennifer Cragg, “Navy Ta
Page 373 and 374:
143. Phoenix TV, July 23, 2009; Jam
Page 375 and 376:
第一次党代表会代表时强
Page 377 and 378:
164. The author must credit Nan Li
Page 379 and 380:
number of factors, including observ
Page 381 and 382:
183. Senior Captain Xu Qi, PLAN,
Page 383 and 384:
tive attack submarines, many more r
Page 385 and 386:
CHAPTER 8 PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARM
Page 387 and 388:
Though limited in number, these exe
Page 389 and 390:
Russia 6 Multiple SCO Members 4 Kyr
Page 391 and 392:
The post-9/11 threat of al-Qaida an
Page 393 and 394:
which “a group of international t
Page 395 and 396:
off with each other just like old f
Page 397 and 398:
After the air forces had attained d
Page 399 and 400:
port.” 27 The live-fire portion o
Page 401 and 402:
elements from two Mechanized Infant
Page 403 and 404:
Observers frequently hear similar s
Page 405 and 406:
Mai, Thailand. “Strike-2008” wa
Page 407 and 408:
have been the “first” such even
Page 409 and 410:
hensive Training Base, Guilin. Sixt
Page 411 and 412:
The live demonstration phase of the
Page 413 and 414:
ernment has cracked down on several
Page 415 and 416:
sion-2009.” As for PAP training i
Page 417 and 418:
ut only to limited degrees for the
Page 419 and 420:
creasing time and distance traveled
Page 421 and 422:
As such, they present outsiders an
Page 423 and 424:
ilities, among other subjects. Howe
Page 425 and 426:
in Roy Kamphausen and Andrew Scobel
Page 427 and 428:
jun Bao Online in Chinese, December
Page 429 and 430:
54. “First Sino-Russian port emer
Page 431 and 432:
68. “Coordination of PRC, Russian
Page 433 and 434:
85. “Full text: China’s African
Page 435 and 436:
Exercise-01 APPENDIX - CHAPTER 8 CH
Page 437 and 438:
CHAPTER 9 MILITARY EXCHANGES WITH C
Page 439 and 440:
ization, has caused anxiety among t
Page 441 and 442:
6. To independently develop militar
Page 443 and 444:
defense consultations as an importa
Page 445 and 446:
it appears that foreign naval and a
Page 447 and 448:
communicates a positive and reassur
Page 449 and 450:
Years Number of Foreign Number of F
Page 451 and 452:
According to the 1998 Defense White
Page 453 and 454:
Master Sergeant James A. Roy, led t
Page 455 and 456:
in their ability to venture beyond
Page 457 and 458:
tion.” According to the Council o
Page 459 and 460:
vide training and familiarization i
Page 461 and 462:
and news media to observe it up clo
Page 463 and 464:
“Operational Diplomacy”: Peacek
Page 465 and 466:
PLAN launched in 2007, for HA-DR ef
Page 467 and 468:
sale of Chinese arms abroad and to
Page 469 and 470:
The increasing scope and sophistica
Page 471 and 472:
16. “Appendix III: Participation
Page 473 and 474:
34. China’s National Defense in 2
Page 475 and 476:
55. “Major overseas visits of PLA
Page 477 and 478:
75. Ibid.; China’s National Defen
Page 479 and 480:
89. “China’s Growing Role in UN
Page 481 and 482:
107. Siva Govindasamy, “Dubai 09:
Page 483 and 484:
• December 2007: Kenya, Kuwait, a
Page 485 and 486:
ENDNOTES - APPENDIX B - CHAPTER 9 1
Page 487 and 488:
Egypt, Finland (2), Greece, Hungary
Page 489 and 490:
CHAPTER 10 EMERGING GRAND STRATEGY
Page 491 and 492:
of higher learning and other civili
Page 493 and 494:
duration, and would depend heavily
Page 495 and 496:
tutions, defense companies, univers
Page 497 and 498:
lining government agency functions.
Page 499 and 500:
creation of MIIT. This office’s p
Page 501 and 502:
other countries closely and made th
Page 503 and 504:
compare favorably to 80 percent in
Page 505 and 506:
ernment’s initiatives to overhaul
Page 507 and 508:
vestment. 77 Yet by the end of 2005
Page 509 and 510:
In reality, however, numerous limit
Page 511 and 512:
defense and civilian research and i
Page 513 and 514:
agement. This includes many key SOE
Page 515 and 516:
China Academy of Engineering Physic
Page 517 and 518:
a new Defense Industry Alliance was
Page 519 and 520:
absorbed and combined with in-house
Page 521 and 522:
China’s defense establishment org
Page 523 and 524:
sets (mainly in CASC) such as with
Page 525 and 526:
United States but failed. It then t
Page 527 and 528:
vation that would result would inev
Page 529 and 530:
will grow increasingly difficult an
Page 531 and 532:
technology, large oil and gas field
Page 533 and 534:
15. Li Zhaoxing (李肇星), at Pre
Page 535 and 536:
the National Defense Industry’s
Page 537 and 538:
People’s Liberation Army”), CMC
Page 539 and 540:
es Entering the Defense Industry Se
Page 541 and 542:
70. These two regulations have been
Page 543 and 544:
82. Responsibilities of CSRC in off
Page 545 and 546:
percent of defense corporation is u
Page 547 and 548:
101. “Zhejiang Province Determine
Page 549 and 550:
tutes, funded by the NRDC; and tech
Page 551 and 552:
130. Denis Fred Simon and Cong Cao,
Page 553 and 554:
146. Universities, for example, Tsi
Page 555 and 556:
Enterprise China North Optical-Elec
Page 557 and 558:
Industry Investment Fund: APPENDIX
Page 559:
10. Zhao Bo, “武器装备应用
Page 562 and 563:
of China (PRC) in late 1949, milita
Page 564 and 565:
This chapter seeks to provide an ov
Page 566 and 567:
sional journals, such as Logistics
Page 568 and 569:
USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrie
Page 570 and 571:
will examine China’s current logi
Page 572 and 573:
tribution, health service support [
Page 574 and 575:
force, such as food, water and ice,
Page 576 and 577:
LOGISTICS TRANSFORMATION GOALS AND
Page 578 and 579:
3. Sustainment of Units Abroad, and
Page 580 and 581:
Phase Three: • Under the joint le
Page 582 and 583:
zone” (战区), while joint logis
Page 584 and 585:
• All supporting facilities in th
Page 586 and 587:
educed. Wary of the cost of militar
Page 588 and 589:
user. As a result, these innovation
Page 590 and 591:
As the link between the war front a
Page 592 and 593:
tion distribution centers for close
Page 594 and 595:
Date Mission Location Observers Tro
Page 596 and 597:
than 50 kinds of 5 major categories
Page 598 and 599:
ties, 118 while enhancing China’s
Page 600 and 601:
acy missions in the Gulf of Aden, a
Page 602 and 603:
• Decentralization versus central
Page 604 and 605:
IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. POLICY Truth
Page 606 and 607:
U.S. commitments to Taiwan. If Chin
Page 608 and 609:
3. The Army has been the main force
Page 610 and 611:
19. See, for example, Ngok Lee, Chi
Page 612 and 613:
37. Joint core logistics capabiliti
Page 614 and 615:
58. Wang Guanghui and Wang Youlin,
Page 616 and 617:
78. Feng Yongmin, Zhang Lingling, a
Page 618 and 619:
“A Study of the Strategy of Build
Page 620 and 621:
115. Antonio Castillo, “China in
Page 622 and 623:
• Three Generation (三代) refor
Page 624 and 625:
ning, building, and using in a unif
Page 626 and 627:
2005 • Hu Jintao asked military t
Page 628 and 629:
2009 • Jan—Chinese missile-arme
Page 630 and 631:
2. Hu Fuwen, “On Realizing the Pr
Page 632 and 633:
30. Ren Pan and Ju Zhenhau, “’P
Page 634 and 635:
Wang Jinghai (王京海) Zhao Zhanp
Page 636 and 637:
Jin Xiuman (金秀满) Military Veh
Page 638 and 639:
Chen Guoshu (陈国书) Li Guangren
Page 640 and 641:
Li Wanjun (荔万俊) An Introducti
Page 642 and 643:
Guo Qinmao (郭钦茂) Wang Benhong
Page 645 and 646:
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS DANIEL ALDER
Page 647 and 648:
policy, and technology issues, has
Page 649 and 650:
where she analyzed the frequency an
Page 651 and 652:
SUSAN M. PUSKA, a retired U.S. Army
Page 653 and 654:
macy, Foreign Policy and Defense St
show all

The PLA at Home and Abroad - Strategic Studies Institute - U.S. Army

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?