The PLA at Home and Abroad - Strategic Studies Institute - U.S. Army

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www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zIN75Jtwa4&feature=related. A compila tion of still photos set to music (probably from a Pakistani source) is available from www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm_ uHKmcvBI&feature=fvw. 31. “China’a [sic] first joint military training” available from english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/special-reports/2008-01/17/content_ 1093048.htm. Note from the headline of this report, the editors did not understand the dist inction between “joint” and “combined” Zhang was trying to make. This is one report from a PLA Daily webpage on joint training in 2007, available from english.chinamil. com.cn/site2/special-reports/2007zgjsyx/index1.htm. 32. PRC Paper on “Final Part of Sino-Thai Joint Military Training,” CPP20070730530005, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou Ribao (Internet Version-WWW) in Chinese, July 30, 2007, translated by OSC. Also see “The Chinese officers and men taking part in the joint training stated that the joint training of special operation detachments was carried out in mixed formations,” in “Chinese and Thai special troops hold joint training,” PLA Daily, a v a i l a b l e f r o m e n g l i s h . c h i n a m i l . c o m c n / s i t e 2 / s p e c i a l - reports/2008-01/17/content_1093053.htm. 33. PRC Paper on “Final Part of Sino-Thai Joint Military Training.” 34. “Anti-Terror Elites—Sketches of Chinese Troops Participating in ‘Peace Mission 2007’,” CPP20070815338003, Beijing, China, Xinhua Domestic Service in Chinese, 1343 GMT, August 15, 2007; “JFJB Details Performance of PLA Troops in Peace Mission-2007 Exercise,” CPP20070817710008, Beijing, China, Jiefangjun Bao (Internet Version-WWW) in Chinese, August 17, 2007, p. 4; “Over 90 Aircraft Of Russia, China AF To Take Part In SCO Exercise,” CEP20070716950112, Moscow, Russia, ITAR- TASS in English, July 16, 2007. PLA Daily webpages dedicated to this exercise are available from english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/ special-reports/2007peace/index.htm and www.chinamil.com.cn/ site1/2007ztpdb/hpsmlhfkjy/index.htm. 35. “China’s National Defense in 2008.” 36. “PRC Defense Minister Liang Guanglie Examines China’s Military Diplomacy,” CPP20081223702009, Beijing, China, Jiefang- 418
jun Bao Online in Chinese, December 23, 2008. p. 7, translated by OSC. Though this was an all-SCO exercise, Kazakhstan denied the PLA permission for its troops to transit the country by rail. This resulted in units from Xinjiang travelling some 10,000 kilometers via rail (back to northeast China and then through the Trans-Baykal) instead of the roughly 2,000 kilometer straight line distance to the training area in Russia. See “Russia Seen at Odds with China Over SCO’s Future,” CEP20070822025001, Moscow, Russia, Izvestiya (Moscow Edition) in Russian, August 20, 2007, p. 6. 37. “Chinese soldiers heading for anti-terror drill in Russia,” People’s Daily, July 25, 2007, available from english.people.com. cn/90001/90776/90786/6223968.html. 38. “Anti-Terror Elites—Sketches of Chinese Troops Participating in ‘Peace Mission 2007’.” 39. “Russia: Successful Outcome of Peace Mission 2007 Exercise Detailed,” CEP20070822358010, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Vecherniy Chelyabinsk in Russian, August 21, 2007, translated by OSC. 40. “RF-China Language Barrier At SCO Exercise Being Coped With (Adds),” CEP20070811950131, Moscow, Russia, ITAR-TASS in English, 1649 GMT, August 11, 2007. 41. “’Cooperation 2007’ wraps up successfully,” People’s Daily, September 7, 2007, available from english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/ special-reports/2008-01/17/content_1093039.htm. 42. “武警 ‘雪豹突击队’ 赴俄参加反恐演习” (“PAP ‘Snow Leopard Commando Unit’ Goes to Russia to Participate in an Anti-terrorist Exercise”), August 30, 2007, available from www. chinamil.com.cn/site1/jbzsc/2007-08/30/content_934533.htm. 43. “Sino-Russian anti-terror exercise kicks off,” PLA Daily, September 4, 2007, available from english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/ special-reports/2008-01/17/content_1093038.htm. 44. “India, China Conduct Counter-Terrorism Exercise; Details on PLA’s 14 Group Army,” SAP20080106342003, New Delhi, India, Force (Internet Version-WWW) in English, January 1, 2008. 419
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THE PLA AT HOME AND ABROAD: ASSESSI
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
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FOREWORD It is a distinct honor to
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have been extremely satisfied with
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Also in 2009, the PLA Navy (PLAN) a
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their measures to improve the situa
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in the Asia-Pacific region, further
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tional Convention platform (Hu’s
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Second, the prosperous-nation-stron
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egy. National defense modernization
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advances, current Chinese leaders a
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Chinese leaders are well aware of t
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transformation in military affairs.
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Indeed, the United States now deplo
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through their learning from the U.S
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to gain an objective control measur
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ings on future wars depict a more p
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ever, is giving way to a more law-g
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of this PLAN fleet clearly has impl
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contribute to China’s foreign and
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military integration (CMI, [军民
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forces in both the defense and the
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For a long time, American leaders h
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14. Chinese leaders chose to use th
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26. Su Xisheng (苏希胜) et al.,
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CHAPTER 2 THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION
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fold extensive, changing local secu
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the Association of Southeast Asian
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2 years earlier. After tracking in
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Even though the security situation
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THE PLA AND CHINA’S FOREIGN POLIC
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Vice-Chairman and Politburo member
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PLA NEAR-TERM CONCERNS With cross-S
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the entire period with: “The whol
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of the United States deployed in th
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Daily article criticized the docume
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India does not match China in econo
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tential threat to China’s most im
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pulse of the other, even as suspici
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in rebuilding the country has been
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The SCO nonetheless allows both to
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warned against Vietnam’s planned
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and South China Seas, although thes
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August 2009 meeting of the MMCA and
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ness of Japan. Moreover, the PLA kn
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wan issue and agreed to expand mili
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invasion of China is anticipated. S
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operations was clearly designed to
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mitments Beijing has already made a
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11. Major General Shou Xiaosong,
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34. Liu Yang and Guo Feng, “What
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57. James Manicom, “China’s Cla
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CHAPTER 3 DISCOURSE IN 3-D: THE PLA
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“under high technology conditions
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to command the gun (as Mao famously
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of that year and then first cited i
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arms into full play, combine offens
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. . . military deterrence, military
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the post-Mao era. However, against
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ship between construction of core m
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to spearhead efforts in this area.
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oots party entities, government ent
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merous nonwar activities and heavil
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ational capabilities. As James Q. W
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disappear, there may be voices clai
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mands of military modernization and
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 3 1. China’s N
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11. China’s National Defense in 2
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32. According to the 2009 Defense W
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53. Conversations with PLA research
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the field about the continued relev
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ment of most serious Party disputes
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China’s case is a lot more compli
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East China Seas to exercise maximum
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obsessed more with the high-tech
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a natural requirement for officers
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and the CMC military affairs). This
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pact on China’s relations with ma
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Party Center (党中央). 35 This s
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HU JINTAO AND CHINA’S CHANGING CI
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predictability in his interaction w
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his control over the gun at the sam
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Challenge Ahead: In Search of the N
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in Party affairs. In contrast, Li i
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Secretary General. This is a positi
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differences that are often times in
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in Hu’s hands. Lengthy debate is
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is how to pursue the next round of
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convinced people. For the sake of m
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Terrorist threats remain real, alth
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y a strategic question of whether M
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no longer routine, especially given
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5. Amos Perlmutter and William LeoG
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18. The U.S. Secretary of State con
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vilian leaders what they should not
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46. Wen’s power lies in the State
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60. You Ji, “Taiwan in the Politi
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78. Liu Yongxin, “连锁反应背
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CHAPTER 5 TOWARDS AN INTEGRATIVE C4
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pivotal year in the PLA’s quest f
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and information support capabilitie
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4. Innovation consists of making le
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increase. In developing information
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1. In 1978, a phase-one network est
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960-1,215 MHz frequency band. 42 As
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Communication problems have also ar
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联合作战). This transition from
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fundamental impediment to fostering
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such training has been done on a te
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The 2005 training goals stressed
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to “promote the healthy and order
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make overall plans for joint traini
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est, suggests that a lack of a basi
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Despite the emphasis on information
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explore opportunities. These effort
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5. Vice Admiral Arthur K. Cebrowski
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28. Ibid., p. 138. 29. Zhou Ming,
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Type of Theater Joint Command Infor
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66. Zhang Liansong and Liu Jing,
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Demonstration and Planning Meeting
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making under difficult circumstance
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The PRC only began to build a forma
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that the primary responsibility for
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As they considered the lessons lear
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in Wenchuan County in the western p
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to a number of weak points from whi
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unifying, and streamlining a pletho
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government statistics that indicate
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ights. The Menglian incident involv
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line. Similar to the Weng’an and
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ing out of internal security tasks.
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usual insignia of either the police
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XINJIANG: THE URUMQI RIOT When it r
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lessons, if any, the PLA/PAP and th
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When they did move in to reassert c
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of the military in an emergency man
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PAP would presumably draw on the ta
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2008 and in Urumqi in 2009 is indic
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ternal MOOTW has, in fact, had any
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tions on policing and internal secu
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16. “Martial Law of the People’
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Military’s Earthquake Response Le
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(PLA Daily), June 9, 2008, p. 1; We
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58. For example, on September 5, 20
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68. Yu Jianrong, Yang Huijing and X
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of the nature and seriousness of th
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91. Murray Scot Tanner, quoted in E
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103. Patel, “Chinese Disaster Rel
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CHAPTER 7 CHINESE SEA POWER IN ACTI
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tary operations capabilities.” 6
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sible solution to an unexpected but
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China’s 3 decades of involvement
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The PLAN chose some of its newest,
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Vessel Hull # Class Type Displaceme
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jing’s official news media consta
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These very cautious rules of engage
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PLAN warship(s) will maintain simil
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guarded the Chinese merchant ship Z
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EQUIPMENT, PERSONNEL, AND LOGISTICS
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Fourth Deployment: On October 30, 2
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ector of the PLAN headquarters gene
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The most dramatic innovations in sa
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tional counterparts. Combined Task
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So why is Beijing making this effor
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litical systems and ideology are at
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Zhang Zhaoyin, deputy group army co
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maintenance activities in African p
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Platform Nuclear Attack Submarines
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To be sure, proponents of SLOC defe
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sions, but it may gradually acquire
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for great power influence and rival
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crisis, as they would be harming re
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In the future, any facilities that
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carriers might rapidly become an im
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mons. In fact, the prospects for Ch
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enefit from diversion of U.S. atten
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13. Andrew S. Erickson, “Pipe Dre
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China is not similarly involved in
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40. Huang Li, p. 178. 41. Ibid., pp
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62. “Piracy Draws China Back to t
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85. “China Ready to Pay Ransom to
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106. See several articles on “Res
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121. Lt. Jennifer Cragg, “Navy Ta
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143. Phoenix TV, July 23, 2009; Jam
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Page 377 and 378: 164. The author must credit Nan Li
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Page 385 and 386: CHAPTER 8 PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARM
Page 387 and 388: Though limited in number, these exe
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Page 397 and 398: After the air forces had attained d
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Page 403 and 404: Observers frequently hear similar s
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Page 411 and 412: The live demonstration phase of the
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Page 415 and 416: sion-2009.” As for PAP training i
Page 417 and 418: ut only to limited degrees for the
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Page 421 and 422: As such, they present outsiders an
Page 423 and 424: ilities, among other subjects. Howe
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Page 429 and 430: 54. “First Sino-Russian port emer
Page 431 and 432: 68. “Coordination of PRC, Russian
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Page 435 and 436: Exercise-01 APPENDIX - CHAPTER 8 CH
Page 437 and 438: CHAPTER 9 MILITARY EXCHANGES WITH C
Page 439 and 440: ization, has caused anxiety among t
Page 441 and 442: 6. To independently develop militar
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Page 447 and 448: communicates a positive and reassur
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Page 451 and 452: According to the 1998 Defense White
Page 453 and 454: Master Sergeant James A. Roy, led t
Page 455 and 456: in their ability to venture beyond
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Page 463 and 464: “Operational Diplomacy”: Peacek
Page 465 and 466: PLAN launched in 2007, for HA-DR ef
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Page 469 and 470: The increasing scope and sophistica
Page 471 and 472: 16. “Appendix III: Participation
Page 473 and 474: 34. China’s National Defense in 2
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75. Ibid.; China’s National Defen
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89. “China’s Growing Role in UN
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107. Siva Govindasamy, “Dubai 09:
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• December 2007: Kenya, Kuwait, a
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ENDNOTES - APPENDIX B - CHAPTER 9 1
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Egypt, Finland (2), Greece, Hungary
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CHAPTER 10 EMERGING GRAND STRATEGY
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of higher learning and other civili
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duration, and would depend heavily
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tutions, defense companies, univers
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lining government agency functions.
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creation of MIIT. This office’s p
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other countries closely and made th
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compare favorably to 80 percent in
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ernment’s initiatives to overhaul
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vestment. 77 Yet by the end of 2005
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In reality, however, numerous limit
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defense and civilian research and i
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agement. This includes many key SOE
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China Academy of Engineering Physic
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a new Defense Industry Alliance was
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absorbed and combined with in-house
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China’s defense establishment org
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sets (mainly in CASC) such as with
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United States but failed. It then t
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vation that would result would inev
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will grow increasingly difficult an
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technology, large oil and gas field
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15. Li Zhaoxing (李肇星), at Pre
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the National Defense Industry’s
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People’s Liberation Army”), CMC
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es Entering the Defense Industry Se
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70. These two regulations have been
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82. Responsibilities of CSRC in off
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percent of defense corporation is u
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101. “Zhejiang Province Determine
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tutes, funded by the NRDC; and tech
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130. Denis Fred Simon and Cong Cao,
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146. Universities, for example, Tsi
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Enterprise China North Optical-Elec
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Industry Investment Fund: APPENDIX
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10. Zhao Bo, “武器装备应用
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of China (PRC) in late 1949, milita
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This chapter seeks to provide an ov
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sional journals, such as Logistics
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USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrie
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will examine China’s current logi
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tribution, health service support [
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force, such as food, water and ice,
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LOGISTICS TRANSFORMATION GOALS AND
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3. Sustainment of Units Abroad, and
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Phase Three: • Under the joint le
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zone” (战区), while joint logis
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• All supporting facilities in th
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educed. Wary of the cost of militar
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user. As a result, these innovation
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As the link between the war front a
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tion distribution centers for close
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Date Mission Location Observers Tro
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than 50 kinds of 5 major categories
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ties, 118 while enhancing China’s
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acy missions in the Gulf of Aden, a
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• Decentralization versus central
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IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. POLICY Truth
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U.S. commitments to Taiwan. If Chin
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3. The Army has been the main force
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19. See, for example, Ngok Lee, Chi
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37. Joint core logistics capabiliti
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58. Wang Guanghui and Wang Youlin,
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78. Feng Yongmin, Zhang Lingling, a
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“A Study of the Strategy of Build
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115. Antonio Castillo, “China in
Page 622 and 623:
• Three Generation (三代) refor
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ning, building, and using in a unif
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2005 • Hu Jintao asked military t
Page 628 and 629:
2009 • Jan—Chinese missile-arme
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2. Hu Fuwen, “On Realizing the Pr
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30. Ren Pan and Ju Zhenhau, “’P
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Wang Jinghai (王京海) Zhao Zhanp
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Jin Xiuman (金秀满) Military Veh
Page 638 and 639:
Chen Guoshu (陈国书) Li Guangren
Page 640 and 641:
Li Wanjun (荔万俊) An Introducti
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Guo Qinmao (郭钦茂) Wang Benhong
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ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS DANIEL ALDER
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policy, and technology issues, has
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where she analyzed the frequency an
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SUSAN M. PUSKA, a retired U.S. Army
Page 653 and 654:
macy, Foreign Policy and Defense St
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