The PLA at Home and Abroad - Strategic Studies Institute - U.S. Army

defense and civilian research and industrial bases so
that common technologies, manufacturing lines, facilities,
and personnel can be applied to both military
and commercial needs—involves complex economic
and industrial engineering. As such, while Beijing is
undoubtedly committed to this goal, national initiatives
often do not carry a CMI label (see Appendix
B). 94 The relevant initiatives range from specialized
projects involving specific technology transfer and innovation
funds to broader financial tool directed by
the NDRC to invest in large scale technology-industry
clusters. An analysis of these sampled items reveals
two general trends. First, a growing number of funds
have specific CMI goals, particularly the more narrowly
focused projects (e.g., Defense Fundamental
Research Project Fund). Yet, even many of the broader
national funding initiatives, such as the Industry Investment
Funds (IIF), have explicit CMI content. 95
Judging from the 10 IIFs approved since 2007, at least
5 of them, worth nearly 80 billion yuan, are related
to CMI in some degree. 96 A second trend is that CMIrelated
funding is ramping up from smaller, sectorspecific
projects to national-level support such as with
the IIFs, with commensurately higher levels of appropriation.
On the other hand, the management of funding associated
with CMI raises concerns about effectiveness
in implementation. MIIT is ostensibly tasked with
executing and managing CMI, mainly through SAS-
TIND and the Dual-use Promotional Office. However,
the list of government ministries and commissions
involved in overseeing a range of funds includes the
NDRC and SASAC, both of which approve and ratify
most large-scale funding. The Ministry of Science &
Technology, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Educa-
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