m-Cresol - ipcs inchem

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OECD SIDS m- / p-CRESOL Summary of aquatic effects: The available ecotoxicity data for m- and p-cresol show that the toxicity of the two isomers is in the same order of magnitude within the uncertainty range of laboratory effect tests. Long-term tests are only available for p-cresol. However, from the similarity in acute toxicity testing, it can be expected that the long-term toxicity of both isomers is similar as well. For the isomeric mixture m/p-cresol no ecotoxicity data are available. However, it is expected that the toxicity of the isomeric mixture is covered by the data for m- and p-cresol. Therefore, for the hazard assessment of this category, all available ecotoxicity tests are considered together, independent from the isomer for which they were determined. Determination of PNECaqua Results from long-term tests are available for fish, invertebrates and algae, the most sensitive species being Pimephales promelas (NOEC = 1.35 mg/l), Daphnia magna (NOEC = 1 mg/l) and Scenedesmus subspicatus (ErC10 = 4.6 mg/l). Applying an assessment factor of 10 to the lower value, the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) for the aquatic compartment is determined for m- and p-cresol and the isomeric mixture m/p-cresol: PNECaqua = 0.1 mg/l. QSAR estimations using ECOSAR for phenolic compounds result in the following values: fish: daphnia: 30d-NOEC = 2.216 mg/l 90d-NOEC = 0.121 mg/l 21d-NOEC = 1.571 mg/l The values for the 30d fish test and the 21d daphnia test are in good agreement with the experimentally determined values. Therefore, it cannot be excluded that a prolongation of the exposure period in fish tests would result in a NOEC that is about an order of magnitude below the available NOEC of 1.35 mg/l. This would have also consequences for the PNECaqua. Microorganisms In a respiration inhibition test using activated sludge according to OECD 209 with m-cresol as test substance, a 3 h-EC 50 of 461.4 mg/l was obtained (Klecka and Landi 1985). In a similar test with p- cresol, the 2 h-EC 50 was 439.5 mg/l (Chan et al. 1999). Tomlinson (1966) studied the inhibition of the first nitrification step (oxidation of NH 4 to NO 2 ) and obtained 4 h-EC 75 values of 11.4 mg/l for m-cresol and 16.5 mg/l for p-cresol. 40 UNEP PUBLICATIONS
OECD SIDS m- / p-CRESOL Table 15: Toxicity of Cresols to Microorganisms Species Exposure period Effects [mg/l] m-Cresol p-Cresol Endpoint Reference Domestic sewage sludge 2 h EC50 = 439.5 respiration Chan et al. (1999) * 3 h EC50 = 461.4 respiration Klecka andLandi (1985) * 4 h EC75 = 11.4 EC75 = 16.5 nitrification Tomlinson (1966) * Nitrosomonas sp. 24 h EC50 = 0.78 ** EC50 = 27 nitrification Blum and Speece (1991) Pseudomonas putida 16 h EC3 = 53 cell multipl. Bringmann and Kühn (1976) Tetrahymena pyriformis 24 h EC50 = 157 growth Schultz et al. (1996) (protozoa) 24 h EC50 = 160 growth Yoshioka et al. (1985) Entosiphon sulcatum (protozoa) Chilomonas paramaecium (protozoa) Uronema parduzci (protozoa) 72 h EC5 = 31 cell multipl. Bringmann (1978) 48 h EC5 = 114 cell multipl. Bringmann et al. (1980) 20 h EC5 = 62 cell multipl. Bringmann and Kühn (1980) (n): nominal concentration (e): effective concentration *: studies which are flagged as key studies ** This effect value has to be considered as invalid. The authors state that in the lower range (log IC50 < 1.5 µmol/l) the accuracy of the results are questionable. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 41
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