m-Cresol - ipcs inchem

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OECD SIDS m- / p-CRESOL ANNEX: CATEGORY JUSTIFICATION Identity: Chemical name: m-Cresol p-Cresol m/p-Cresol mixtures Since o-cresol was assessed earlier within the OECD HPV program, it is not included here (UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program) (1998), Chemical Screening Information Data Sets (SIDS) for High Volume Chemicals: o-Cresol, Vol. 5/I) Structural Formula: OH OH CH 3 CH 3 m-Cresol Molecular Formula: p-Cresol C 7 H 8 O Molecular weight: 108.14 g/mol m-Cresol, p-cresol and mixtures of both isomers are considered as a category because of their similarity in physico-chemical properties, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity. Both isomers as well as their mixture are products of technical importance. m-Cresol, p-cresol and mixtures of both isomers are produced > 1000 t/y. The 3 cresol products of technical importance considered here, are: Substance Synonyms CAS-No. Composition m-Cresol 3-Methylphenol 108-39-4 Purity > 99 % p-Cresol 4-Methylphenol 106-44-5 Purity approx. 99.9 % m/p-Cresol mixtures 15831-10-4 60 - 75 % m-Cresol, 25 - 40 % p-Cresol Category Justification Environment Of particular importance to environmental effects are the values for partition coefficient (log Kow), vapour pressure and water solubility. 52 UNEP PUBLICATIONS
OECD SIDS m- / p-CRESOL Available Physico-Chemical Data for Cresols: Substance m-Cresol p-Cresol m/p-Cresol Vapour pressure (25°C) 0.147 hPa 0.147 hPa Log Kow 1.96 1.94 1.94 -1.96 Water solubility (25°C) 22.7 g/l 21.5 g/l 24.4 g/l Dissociation constant pKa 10.09 10.26 Vapour pressure and log Kow were determined for both isomers, the water solubility for both isomers and the m/p-cresol mixture. The values are nearly identical for the pure isomers, so the isomer mixture can be assessed as well. Cresols are weak acids. The pKa values of 10.09 and 10.26 resp. indicate that at environmentally relevant pH values (5 - 9) both substance are largely non-dissociated. For the assessment of the removal in biological treatment plants and degradation in environmental compartments, results from biodegradation tests are crucial. Available Data on Ready Biodegradability Method Duration m-Cresol p-Cresol Reference OECD 301 D 28 d 65 - 90 % Bayer AG (1988) OECD 301 C 40 d 80 - 95 % 80 - 95 % Desai et al. (1990) The OECD 301 D test reveals that m-cresol is readily biodegradable. As demanded by the OECD guideline, the oxygen consumption was above 60 % after 28 days and the 10d window was fulfilled. In a test comparable to OECD 301 C test biodegradation in the range of 80 – 95 % for both compounds occurred. The oxygen uptake curves are not reported. However, the authors state that all test compounds revealed the lag phase, biodegradation phase and the plateau region within a period of 10 days. Therefore, it can be concluded from this test that m- and p-cresol are readily biodegradable. In addition, the rate constants for both m- and p-cresol were determined and found to be similar. Available Ecotoxicity Data For the acute toxicity of cresols on aquatic species a large number of experimental results from tests with fish, daphnids and algae are available. Long-term tests were conducted with fish, algae and invertebrates. In the following table only those tests are reported where both isomers have been tested in parallel. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 53
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