zurab kiknaZe qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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rcelebis zepiri forma, variantuloba da koleqtiuroba, arsebiTad,
arawignuri kulturis damaxasiaTebeli da ganmsazRvreli
niSnebia, riTac folklori literaturas upirispirdeba,
Tumca es niSnebi, met-naklebi intensivobiT da gansxvavebuli
motivaciiT, mwerlobas anu individualur Semoqmedebasac
axasiaTebs. warmoiSveba problema, romelic amgvarad iqneba
dasmuli: ra gansxvavebaa, magaliTad, folklorul anonimurobasa
da literaturul anonimurobas Soris, anu: ra iwvevs anonimurobas
erT SemTxvevaSi da ra – meoreSi.
problema ganzogadebul saxes iRebs da yalibdeba Semdegnairad:
erTmaneTs upirispirdeba ori kultura – zepiri (udamwerlobo),
smenaze dafuZnebuli, da wignuri (samwerlo), xedvaze
dafuZnebuli. yuri da Tvali aq fundamenturi (amosavali) niSnebia,
romlebic Tav-Tavis daRs aCneven am kulturebs. es problema
gadaizrdeba msmenelisa da mkiTxvelis problemaSi. folklorul
SemoqmedebaSi Cven saqme gvaqvs msmenelTan, rogorc
folkloruli teqstis erT-erTi SesaZlebeli variantis potenciur
avtorTan.
termin `folklors~ folklore, Tumca masSi nagulisxmevi masala
– zepirsityvieri sibrZne Tu codna – Tavisi arsiT anonimuria
da principulad dauTariRebeli, avtoric hyavs da misi
Seqmnis droc cnobilia. misi arseboba iwyeba 1846 wlidan, roca
uiliam Tomsma (William Thoms) inglisur Jurnal `aTeneumis~ (The
Athenaeum) 22 agvistos nomerSi gamoaqveyna statia saTauriT
`folklore~, sadac pirvelad gamoCnda termini, romelic man
ori Zvelinglisuri (saqsonuri) sityvisgan – folk (xalxi) da lore
(sibrZne, codna) – monetasaviT `moWra~. statia daviwyebas mieca,
magram mis furclebze dabadebuli termini sicocxlisunariani
aRmoCnda. ori welic ar iyo gasuli, rom Jurnali ukve
aRfrTovanebas gamoxatavda am terminis swrafi gavrcelebis
gamo. ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi igi gascilda inglisis sazRvrebs
da SeaRwia kontinentze, skandinaviaSi, slavur qveyneb-
Si. man Secvala xalxuri Semoqmedebis aRmniSvneli manamde arsebuli
saxelwodebani: `xalxuri siZveleni~ an erTgvarad winaaRmdegobrivi
`xalxuri literatura~ da mtkiced daimkvidra
adgili humanitarul disciplinaTa aRmniSvnel terminebs
Soris.
misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, rogorc cnebaSi, ufro
farTo Sinaarss gulisxmobda, vidre Cven dRes. u. Tomsi sityviT
lore aRniSnavda xalxis Semoqmedebis iseT sferosac, rome-