zurab kiknaZe qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

154
ulebriv, iwyeba im personaJiT, romelic mTavaria TxrobaSi,
anu romlis ambavic aris mosaTxrobi.
amgvarad ismis kiTxvebi: romelia `eTerianSi~ mTavari
gmiri? an rogor poulobs abesalomi eTers – ZebniT, rogorc
gazRaprebul variantebSia (wre I-II), Tu – tyeSi SexvedriT
(wre III)?
gaCnda arcTu usafuZvlo eWvi, rom `eTeriani~ wignuri
warmoSobisaa. p. ingoroyva `eTerians~ CamoTvlis im literaturul
nawarmoebTa Soris, romelTagan an fragmentebia
SemorCenili an mxolod saxelebi. `rogorc Tavis
droze gamorkveuli gveqneba, – am romanidan aris warmo-
Sobili dRemde Senaxuli xalxuri Tqmuleba `abesalom da
eTeri~, – iseve, rogorc SoTas vefxis-tyaosnidan Semdeg
warmoiSva xalxuri vefxis-tyaosani~ [ingoroyva 1924: 486].
mkvlevari Seecada ucxour sakuTar saxelTa safuZvelze
emtkicebina Tavisi varaudi [ingoroyva 1938: 37-9].
CamovTvaloT wyeba im niSnebisa, romlebic, SesaZloa,
amxeldes mis wignur warmoSobas:
− xalxuri epikuri – zRapruli Tu arazRapruli – Txroba
ar aRiniSneba mravalpersonaJianobiT. arsebobs er-
Ti, mxolod erTi mTavari gmiri, romelic atarebs eposis
ideas, yvela danarCeni personaJi damxmareni arian
da ara TavisTavadni. zRaparSi maT Tav-Tavisi funqciebi
aqvT, romelTac isini mTavari gmiris mimarT asruleben
da funqciis amowurvasTan erTad uCinardebian. rom
ar vilaparakoT zRaparze, `amiranianis~ personaJebic
aseve damokidebulni arian mTavar gmirze. maT, kerZod,
amiranis Zmebs, TavisTavadi arseboba (egzistencia) ar
gaaCniaT. isini uCinardebian, rogorc ki maTi funqcia
amoiwureba. `eTerianSi~ sami damoukidebeli, TavisTavadi
personaJia (rogorc `vefxistyaosanSi~, rogorc
`visramianSi~).
− `eTerianis~ personaJebi, gansxvavebiT folkloruli
warmomavlobis personaJebisgan, aratipurni, individualurni
da unikalurni arian. maTi saxeebi arsad sxvagan
ar meordeba. xalxuri poetikisTvis ki mxolod tipuri,
ganmeorebadi Tvisebebia yuradRebis Rirsi.
− moqmedebis motivireba, razec agebulia `eTerianis~
drama, principulad ucxoa folklorisTvis. folkloruli
gmiris moqmedebas ara aqvs motivacia. Tu fol-