zurab kiknaZe qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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334 sulis idealizacia, bunebrioba, civilizaciisgan Seuxebeli adamianis ideali – romantizmis am moTxovnebs savsebiT akmayofilebda xalxuri Semoqmedeba, romelic Tavisufali sulis gamovlinebad iqna aRqmuli. XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnis SemoqmedTa TvalSi zepirsityviereba Tavisi SeuzRudveli TavisuflebiT samwerlo (literaturul) Semoqmedebas daupirispirda, ufro metic: zepirsityviereba poeziis etaloni gaxda. germanel romantikosTa TvalsazrisiT, xalxuri poezia RvTivSTagonebulia. iakob grimi (1785-1863), folkloristikis mamamTavari, wers: `xalxuri poezia ara mxolod anonimuria, aramed RvTaebrivi warmoSobis aris, rogorc ena da miTologia~. isini imowmebdnen homerosis poemebis dasawyis striqonebs, sadac rafsodi (Zveli berZeni mgosani) STagonebisTvis muzas mimarTavs (ìm kacze miambe, muzav...~; `mimRere, qal- RmerTo...~). maTi azriT, xalxuri poezia ibadeba aracnobierad, riTac igi mistikur gamocxadebas uaxlovdeba; igi aris RvTaebrivis gamovlena adamianSi. iakob grimi werda romantikos poets arnims: `Tu Sen gwams CemsaviT, rom religia RvTebrivi gamocxadebis Sedegia da rom enis warmo- Sobac iseTive saswaulia da rom igi ar warmoadgens adamianis gamonagons, isic unda iwamo da igrZno, rom Zveli poeziac msgavsi warmoSobisaa~ [kokiara:241]. maT TvalSi siZvele xalxuri poeziis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli da prioritetuli niSania anonimurobasTan erTad: is, rac anonimuria, mas wyarod RvTiuri STagoneba aqvs. yvelaze mniSvnelovani iqmneba ara axla, TanamedroveobaSi, aramed Seiqmna uSores warsulSi, kacobriobis siWabukeSi; warsul- Sia srulyofileba, iq aris samoTxe, edemis baRi, SeubRalavi buneba. germanel romantikos filosofoss iohan herders (1749-1803) xiblavda yvelaferi, rac iwyeboda prefiqsiT Ur (`winare~). xalxurSi igi xedavda yvelafers mSveniers da gulwrfels, yvelafers `qalwulebrivs da WeSmarits~. xalxuri poezia bunebis Svilia; romantikosebi garbodnen bunebisken da ewafebodnen xalxur poezias, rogorc daviwyebul da usamarTlod mitovebul wyarosTvals. folkis arseboba warsulSia nagulvebi. herderis rwmeniT, `xalxi (Volk) aris bunebrivi da Seuryvneli nawili erisa, amitomac igi mowodebulia erovnuli sulis gamosaxatavad~. xalxuri poezia iseve bunebrivad, raime
Zaldatanebis gareSe amoizrdeba xalxis wiaRidan, rogorc, magaliTisTvis, askili, romelic, vardisgan gansxvavebiT, ar saWiroebs movla-patronobas, adamianis Carevas. xalxur leqss isini udarebdnen frinvels, romelic TavisuflebisTvis da ara galiisTvis aris Sobili. literatura tyvea, xalxuri Semoqmedeba Tavisufalia, yvaviliviT Tavisuflad ifurCqneba. iakob grimi xalxur simRerebs `Citebis simReras~ adarebs. xalxuri poezia aris bunebis xma da, raki buneba erTia, amiT aixsneba xalxuri Semoqmedebis principuli erTgvaroba yvela xalxSi. iakobis Zma vilhelm grimi (1787-1859) werda: `poeziis RvTiuri suli erTnairia yvela xalxSi da erTi wyaro aqvs yvelgan. amitomac aris, rom Cven yvelgan vawydebiT msgavsebas... idumali naTesaoba, romlis saerTo sawyisi dakargulia, gvafiqrebinebs maT saerTo warmomavlobaze...~ germaneli romantikosebi maT TanamedroveobaSi daqucmacebuli germaniis erTianobas, saerTo germanul suls, xalxur SemoqmedebaSi eZebdnen da poulobdnen. amitomac xalxuri leqs-simRerebis, Tqmulebebis (sagebis), mi- Tebisa Tu zRaprebis Segroveba mTeli germaniis masStabiT erovnul movaleobad iqca. germanelma fokloristebma xalxuri sityvierebis saxiT aRmoaCines saerTogermanuli `CaZiruli~ kultura, romelsac fesvebi yvela germanuli tomis saerTo warsulSi hqonda. germanuli tomebi, garda sakuTriv germanelebisa (die Deutschen), mTel skandinavias (norvegielebi, danielebi, Svedebi) moicavs. germaneli folkloristebis ideam am erTianobis Sesaxeb gamoZaxili pova skandinaviur samyaroSi, sadac mniSvnelovani folkloristuli skola Camoyalibda, romelic gansakuTrebiT zRapris SeswavliT iyo dakavebuli. am proces- Si Caeba fineTic, romelmac aRmoaCina fineli sazogadoebisTvis eposi `kalevala~. `kalevalam~ fineli xalxi finuri sulisken miaxeda, am eposis didebulebam win wamoswia finuri ena, romelsac ukiduresi daknineba emuqreboda; Tu manamde ganaTlebisa da kulturis ena Sveduri iyo, `kalevalas~ gamoqveynebis Semdeg finurma enam saerTo-saxalxo statusi moipova. amrigad, evropis mTel rig qveynebSi xalxuri kulturisadmi interesi erovnul interesebs gadaejaWva. ara mxolod fineli xalxisTvis, romelmac, SeiZleba iTqvas, xalxuri eposi `kalevala~ ZRvnad miiRo eqim elias 335
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zurab kiknaZe qarTuli folklori
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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
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sarCevi winasityvaoba..............
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winasityvaoba vidre adamiani Tavis
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ar unda gvkvebos imis iluziam, rom
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Sesavali
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14 rcelebis zepiri forma, variantul
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16 inaxavs `codnas~ am miwa-wyalze,
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18 RvTaebrivi gamocxadebis Sedegad
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zepirsityvieri Semoqmedebis niSnebi
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xveli Tavad kiTxulobs teqsts, is mo
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am niWieris Semoqmedebaze da misi S
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feli, es kuTxe) yovelTvis konkretul
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am individualurs. magram Tu sazogad
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yofiToba yofiToba mniSvnelovani niS
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dasasrul, ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos,
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si vinaobis Sesaxeb, samagierod bev
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teraturuli nawarmoebisTvis mxolod f
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mixedviT, folklori, rogorc hans nau
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zepirsityvieri Janrebi
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44 naobis gareSe, adamiani, romelic
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46 reba ritualebs, romlebic misi cx
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48 ciumis saxeliT gamoxatavs. es ar
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50 nieris xmiT ambobdnen im alilos,
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52 ni gaakeTos. Cven ki vecdebiT, r
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sami berZnuli sityva: miTosi (mutho
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wmida giorgi mec viyav, cas vebi oq
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omelic TiToeul maTgan iyenebs instr
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qanculi brundeba. sofeli daudarajde
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erT dRes Tamari Tavisi amaliT sanad
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Sedarebuli xsenebul matianeSi. gior
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cvari erTsa da imave dros misi ganm
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Tan dawveboda da, roca `dainacoxreb
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RvTisSvilTa da dev-kerpTa brZolebi
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eposi
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76 ra adgili uWiravs eposs qarTul f
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78 sakacobrioa. iyo xana folklorist
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80 nels marTebs daicvas zRapris mos
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82 valad brundeba Sin. es ara mxolo
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84 is asrulebs: gmiris dasaCuqrebis
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86 6. crugmiri. misi mTavari funqci
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88 is ndobiTa da rwmeniT aris savse
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90 gvamcno. amazea naTqvami: `dro a
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92 jadosnur-fantastikuri garemo imi
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94 Ta igavebi miTosis rols asrulebe
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96 TiTqos es ar aris Tavisuflebis s
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98 liTad, winaswarmetyvel balaamis
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100 an. amas aCvenebs cxovelTa epos
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102 sayofiero zRapari anu xalxuri n
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104 CaSlaSi) mTeli zRapruli sinamdv
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106 ara da, Tavs movWrio. oTxmocdac
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108 belianis im morielisa, romelsac
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110 med SurduliT, romelic goliaTis
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112 ni. rac ufro vSordebiT evraziul
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114 es gzebia - mcire aziidan xmelT
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116 tragikuli eposi - àmiraniani~
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118 Soris, romelTac gaivlis tragiku
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120 lebs; VII. didi gansacdelis gav
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122 kuTriv amiraniseulad. mTavari m
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124 III. naTloba. qristianuli sarwm
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126 Tavisi erTaderTi antagonisti de
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128 gonistur arsebaTa, boroteul Zal
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130 cxadia, amiranis STanTqma-amonT
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132 e.w. primitiul xalxebSi uwodebe
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134 ras niSnavs es `gareT gadgmuli
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136 si, rogorc adamianis, gamosacde
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138 obs, rom man RmerTTan metoqeoba
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140 ar arian mis gverdiT arc misi Z
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142 aRTqmas, manam amirani mijaWvul
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144 naSe Tavis uZlurebaSi darwmuneb
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146 macia meoreulia, igi axali kaco
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148 gamoqvabulSi (oCamCiris maxlobl
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150 Tumca Sinaganis problema arc dg
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152 samijnuro eposi - èTeriani~ è
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154 ulebriv, iwyeba im personaJiT,
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156 sudaniani~ da sxvani, romelTac
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158 VI. qoSi ikargeba. ukana gzaze
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160 II. abesalomi sanadirod gadis.
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162 jer uxdeba eTerTan misvla. b. e
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164 abesalomTan Sexvedramde da qorw
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166 mefe, Camodis taxtidan da emsax
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168 murmani èTerianis~ specifikas,
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170 `kargad ici, brolis cixe rogor
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172 obac, waerTva is, rasac rusTave
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174 xolo rac xdeba èTerianSi~, zRa
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176 socialur-egzistencialuri eposi
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178 cixe; saqarTvelos farglebs gare
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180 gamovyoT da gavaanalizoT àrsen
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182 vlis statuss, rogorc ardaSir pa
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184 mis brZolas socialuri usamarTlo
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186 ulia). arsenas ukve motacebuli
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188 Rirs oriode sityva iTqvas mikit
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190 rans rom daxvdeba gzaze gamosac
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192 baSi sakuTar Tavze nawvnevi uma
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194 siRrmiseulad, rogorc pirovneba,
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196 mdegobis gawevas, igi mxolod au
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198 da mere arsenam uTxra, ro ninik
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200 Sin man gamomicxada: `me arsena
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202 fa umik.: SoTa rusTavelis sax.
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sakulto poezia rodesac sakulto poez
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mkvdris cxenis, jvarSi Sewiruli niv
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joxeTi urZeo urRveveli, didia zRude
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mdgomo angelozo! aem sanTel-Wiqa-ba
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iaxsari, Rulis jvari, ixsenebs deve
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naoWiani Cavicvidio, qoqomon gavabr
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lis fsiqologia. isini gansxvavebuli
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kvnaT, rom Selocvebi Sedegia qristi
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calke aRebuli es teqsti namdvili ab
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vari da bozali~) damTavrebuli - mTl
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`qveda qveyanaze~ socialurad yvelaf
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meoxebas uwevs mtirals da zianis ms
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tem - am motiviT iwyeba Selocvis te
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`saxeliTa xvTisaTa, mamisa da ZisaT
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qalsa qajaveTisasa maxe davudgiT, S
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li Selocvas RvTismSobels miawers: `
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xatvelia: daSvroma, maSvrali... is
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glexebi usimRerod arc erT samuSaos
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toriteti mowmobs, romelTanac ver mi
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Taviseburi, mxolod misTvis damaxasi
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mosvlis Semdeg (XVII saukunidan) Se
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òblisa deda Cioda: Svili momikla m
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sagulisxmo is aris, rom SeZaxilSi,
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sti da melodia sruliad Sesatyvisoba
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iwivla gvelma libuCiao, ez gatyda,
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SeniSvna. mTiblurs, Tumca mas, Cveu
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klasikuria es sityvebi, namdvilad g
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sagmiro poezia Tu sagmiro poezias m
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TxveviToba, rac mas SeuSlida xels s
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is gamomxatvelia. magram simRere yo
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metyvelebs. msmenels ar eeWveba, ro
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Tu mxolod sikvdiliT moipoveba saxel
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aqvs: `mauqnevs xoSurauli, gaagdebi
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ukeTesad da ufro amomwuravad, da me
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am Zneli iqneba misTvis xalxur, gan
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magram ara, `Siola da mTrexeli~ ise
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es misi daRupvis gare mxarea. Temi
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el winaswarmetyvelTa da msajulTa da
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is mTels wyebas, raTa misi nadiroba
Page 283 and 284: yves mis kvals. Sunis saxiT movleni
Page 285 and 286: SeniSvna. `kacs iklebs sindaurisZe,
Page 287 and 288: literatura baliauri: baliauri m., m
Page 289 and 290: vebs, rom siyvaruli sikvdiliviT Zli
Page 291 and 292: imsxvreva. es aris saerTo mounelebe
Page 293 and 294: wuxel moida siskari, manaTobeli Ram
Page 295 and 296: dis scenaze. ra iyo ukanaskneli wve
Page 297 and 298: yo uwyvetliT gadmoeca ambavi. `zRva
Page 299 and 300: alada mecxvaris siyvarulze mravalmx
Page 301 and 302: asea Tu ise, vaJs qalis datyvevebis
Page 303 and 304: `- Tu gvkiTxav, vaJo, giambobT, lop
Page 305 and 306: saxeli unda, rogorc `Txistyavians~
Page 307 and 308: dalais struqtura aseTia: igi eqvsi
Page 309 and 310: gafrindi qoris wiwilaoo, cixeSi Sai
Page 311 and 312: magonebeli Tavad micvalebulia. `xmi
Page 313 and 314: Svils da vinmes qmars? yvela naTesa
Page 315 and 316: datirebulis zneobrivi saxe aris Tu
Page 317 and 318: namxrevT saTaves nayudebio, gaRvard
Page 319 and 320: Tumca misi moxmoba ar aris moulodne
Page 321 and 322: 5. gamrigeoba. gzianoba, sxvisi daj
Page 323 and 324: daroT xevsurul `jvarTenas~, romlis
Page 325 and 326: sjobs da orive erTad ki - jojoxeTia
Page 327 and 328: Sairis naxevartaepia: èrTi dro Cit
Page 329 and 330: `sasargeblo - usargeblo (fuWi)~: `k
Page 331: folkloristikis istoriidan
Page 336 and 337: 336 lenrotisgan, aramed kulturulad
Page 338 and 339: 338 riodul gamocemebSi, romelTa saT
Page 340 and 341: 340 xalxs da SemdegSi gadadis erTi
Page 342 and 343: 342 razikaSvili: xalxuri sityviereb
Page 345 and 346: ac unda vilaparakoT xalxuri Semoqme
Page 347 and 348: a mis samudamo da erTaderT avtorad.
Page 349 and 350: i ìakobis pirvelsaxareba~ 222 iose
Page 351: gamomcemlobis redaqtori cira jiSkar
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